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}} | native_name_lang = ja | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Kamakura City Hall.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Kamakura City Hall | image_flag = Flag of Kamakura, Kanagawa.svgborder | flag_alt = | image_seal = 神奈川県鎌倉市市章.svg | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Location of Kamakura city Kanagawa prefecture Japan.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Kamakura in Kanagawa Prefecture | pushpin_map = Japan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | latd=35 | latm=19 | lats= | latNS=N | longd=139 | longm=33 | longs= | longEW= E | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = JP | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Japan | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Kantō | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Kanagawa Prefecture | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Takashi Matsuo | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 39.60 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 174412 | population_as_of = June 1, 2012 | population_density_km2 = 4400 | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = Japan Standard Time | utc_offset1 = +9 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols | blank1_name_sec1 = – Tree | blank1_info_sec1 = Yamazakura (Prunus jamasakura) | blank2_name_sec1 = – Flower | blank2_info_sec1 = Gentian | blank3_name_sec1 = | blank3_info_sec1 = | blank4_name_sec1 = | blank4_info_sec1 = | blank5_name_sec1 = | blank5_info_sec1 = | blank6_name_sec1 = | blank6_info_sec1 = | blank7_name_sec1 = | blank7_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = Phone number | blank_info_sec2 = 0467-23-3000 | blank1_name_sec2 = Address | blank1_info_sec2 = 18-10 Onarimachi, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa-ken 248-8686 | website = | footnotes = }} is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, about south-south-west of Tokyo. Although Kamakura proper is today rather small, it is often described in history books as a former ''de facto'' capital of Japan as the seat of the Shogunate and of the Regency during the Kamakura Period. Kamakura was designated as a city on November 3, 1939. As of June 1, 2012, the modern city has an estimated population of 174,412 and a population density of 4,400 persons per km². The total area is 39.60 km². Kamakura has a beach which, in combination with its temples and proximity to Tokyo, makes it a popular tourist destination. == Geography == Surrounded to the north, east and west by hills and to the south by the open water of Sagami Bay, Kamakura is a natural fortress.〔 Before the construction of several tunnels and modern roads that now connect it to Fujisawa, Ofuna and Zushi, on land it could be entered only through narrow artificial passes, among which the seven most important were called , a name sometimes translated as "Kamakura's Seven Mouths". The natural fortification made Kamakura an easily defensible stronghold.〔 Before the opening of the Entrances, access on land was so difficult that the Azuma Kagami reports that Hōjō Masako came back to Kamakura from a visit to Sōtōzan temple in Izu bypassing by boat the impassable Inamuragasaki cape and arriving in Yuigahama.〔(Hiking to Kamakura's Seven Entrances and Seven Passes ), The Kamakura Citizen Net 〕 Again according to the Azuma Kagami, the first of the Kamakura shoguns, Minamoto no Yoritomo, chose it as a base partly because it was his ancestors' land (his ''yukari no chi''), partly because of these physical characteristics.〔 To the north of the city stands (), which then passes behind the Daibutsu and reaches Inamuragasaki and the sea.〔Kamakura Shōkō Kaigijo (2008: 64)〕 From the north to the east Kamakura is surrounded by (), (), (), (), and (), which extend all the way to Iijimagasaki and Wakae Island, on the border with Kotsubo and Zushi.〔 From Kamakura's alluvional plain branch off numerous narrow valleys like the Urigayatsu, Shakadōgayatsu, Ōgigayatsu, Kamegayatsu, Hikigayatsu, and Matsubagayatsu valleys. (The ending "ヶ谷" meaning "valley", common in place names and usually read "-gaya", in Kamakura is pronounced "-gayatsu"). Kamakura is crossed by the Namerigawa river, which goes from the Asaina Pass in northern Kamakura to the beach in Yuigahama for a total length of about . The river marks the border between Zaimokuza and Yuigahama. In administrative terms, the municipality of Kamakura borders with Yokohama to the north, with Zushi to the east, and with Fujisawa to the west.〔 It includes many areas outside the Seven Entrances as Yamanouchi, , Shichirigahama, and Ofuna, and is the result of the fusion of Kamakura proper with the cities of Koshigoe, absorbed in 1939, Ofuna, absorbed in 1948, and with the village of Fukasawa, absorbed in 1948. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kamakura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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