|
are syllabic Japanese scripts, a part of the Japanese writing system contrasted with the logographic Chinese characters known in Japan as kanji (). There are three kana scripts: modern cursive hiragana (), modern angular katakana (), and the old syllabic use of kanji known as man’yōgana () that was ancestral to both. Hentaigana (変体仮名, "variant kana") are historical variants of modern standard hiragana. In modern Japanese, hiragana and katakana have directly corresponding character sets (different sets of characters representing the same sounds). Katakana with a few additions is also used to write Ainu. Kana was used in Taiwanese as a gloss (''furigana'') for Chinese characters during the Japanese administration of Taiwan. See Taiwanese kana. Each kana character (syllabogram) corresponds to one sound in the Japanese language. This is always CV (consonant onset with vowel nucleus), such as ''ka'', ''ki'', etc., or V (vowel), such as ''a'', ''i'', etc., with the sole exception of the C grapheme for nasal codas usually romanised as ''n''. This structure had some scholars label the system ''moraic'' instead of ''syllabic'', because it requires the combination of two syllabograms to represent a CVC syllable with coda (i.e. CV''n'', CV''m'', CV''ng''), a CVV syllable with complex nucleus (i.e. multiple or expressively long vowels), or a CCV syllable with complex onset (i.e. including a glide, C''y''V, C''w''V). == Hiragana and katakana == The following table reads, in gojūon order, as ''a'', ''i'', ''u'', ''e'', ''o'' (down first column), then ''ka'', ''ki'', ''ku'', ''ke'', ''ko'' (down second column), and so on. ''n'' appears on its own at the end. Asterisks mark unused combinations. |} *There are no kana for ''ye'' or ''yi'', as corresponding syllables do not occur in Japanese natively. While there was kana for ''wu'', its usage ended much earlier due to that sound likewise never having existed in Japanese, and it does not yet exist in Unicode.〔:ja:ヤ行イ〕 The () sound is believed to have existed in pre-Classical Japanese, mostly prior to the advent of kana, and is generally represented for purposes of reconstruction by the kanji 江, although an archaic hiragana ''we''/''ye'', ゑ, does exist. In later periods, the syllabogram ''we'' came to be realized as , as demonstrated by 17th century-era European sources, but it later merged with the vowel ''e'' and was eliminated from official orthography in 1946. In modern orthography, if necessary, () may be written as いぇ (イェ); however, this usage is limited and nonstandard. *While no longer part of standard Japanese orthography, ''wi'' and ''we'' are sometimes used stylistically, as in ウヰスキー for ''whisky'' and ヱビス for Yebisu, a brand of beer. Hiragana ''wi'' and ''we'' are still used in certain Okinawan writing systems, while katakana ''wi'' and ''we'' are still used in Ainu. *''wo'' is preserved only in a single use, as a grammatical particle, normally written in hiragana. *''si'', ''ti'', ''tu'', ''hu'', ''wi'' and ''we'' are often transcribed into English as ''shi'', ''chi'', ''tsu'', ''fu'', ''i'' and ''e'' instead, according to contemporary pronunciation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|