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''Not to be confused with a 'Regent of a Shogun' known as Shikken'' In Japan, was a title given to a regent who was named to assist either a child emperor before his coming of age, or an empress. The was theoretically a sort of chief advisor for the emperor, but was the title of both first secretary and regent who assists an adult emperor. During the Heian era, they were the effective rulers of Japan. There was little, if any, effective difference between the two titles, and several individuals merely changed titles as child emperors grew to adulthood, or adult emperors retired or died and were replaced by child emperors. The two titles were collectively known as , and the families that exclusively held the titles were called ''Sekkan-ke'' or Sekkan family. After the Heian era, shogunates took over the power. A retired kampaku is called , which came to commonly refer to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. ==History== In earlier times, only members of the Imperial Family could be appointed ''sesshō''. Kojiki reported that Emperor Ōjin was assisted by his mother, Empress Jingū, but it is doubtful if it is a historical fact. The first historical ''sesshō'' was Prince Shōtoku who assisted Empress Suiko. The Fujiwara clan was the primary holders of the ''kampaku'' and ''sesshō'' titles. More precisely those titles were held by the Fujiwara Hokke (Fujiwara north family) and its descendants, to which Fujiwara no Yoshifusa belonged. In 858 Fujiwara no Yoshifusa became ''sesshō''. He was the first not to belong to the Imperial house. In 876 Fujiwara no Mototsune, the nephew and adopted son of Yoshifusa, was appointed to the newly created office of ''kampaku''. After Fujiwara no Michinaga and Fujiwara no Yorimichi, their descendants held those two office exclusively. In the 12th century, there were five families among the descendants of Yorimichi called ''Sekke'': Konoe family, Kujō family, Ichijō family, Takatsukasa family and Nijō family. Both the Konoe and Kujō family were descendants of Yorimichi, through Fujiwara no Tadamichi. The other three families were derived from either the Konoe or Kujō families. Until the Meiji Restoration of 1868, those five families held those title exclusively with the two exceptions of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his nephew Toyotomi Hidetsugu. The office and title of ''kampaku'' fell out of use by convention with the appointment of the first Prime Minister of Japan during the Meiji Restoration. Emperor Meiji abolished the office in 1872. Today, under the Imperial Household Law, the office of ''sesshō'' is restricted to the Imperial Family. Crown Prince Hirohito, before becoming Emperor Shōwa, was ''sesshō'' from 1921 to 1926 for the mentally disabled Emperor Taishō. He was called ''sesshō-no-miya''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sesshō and Kampaku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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