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Karawanks
The Karawanks〔Flügel, Helmut W., & Peter Faupl (eds.). 1987. ''Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps''. Vienna: Franz Deuticke, p. 374.〕〔''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology'', vol. 6. 2002. New York: McGraw Hill Higher Education, p. 708.〕 or Karavankas〔Murray, John. 1871. ''Handbook for Travellers in Southern Germany''. London: John Murray, p. 369.〕〔Raos, Ivan, & Miodrag Stojanović. 1966. ''The Beauties of Yugoslavia''. Ljubljana: Delo.〕 or Karavanks〔Pavlakovich-Kochi, Vera, Barbara Jo Morehouse, & Doris Wastl-Walter. 2004. ''Challenged Borderlands: Transcending Political and Cultural Boundaries'' Aldershot: Ashgate, p. 58.〕〔Kmecl, Matjaž, & Joco Žnidaršič. 1987. ''Treasure Chest of Slovenia''. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba.〕 ((スロベニア語:Karavanke), (ドイツ語:Karawanken)) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps on the border between Slovenia to the south and Austria to the north. With a total length of in an east-west direction, the Karawanks chain is one of the longest ranges in Europe.〔http://www.karavanke.eu/〕 It is traversed by important trade routes and has a great tourist significance. Geographically and geologically, it is divided into the higher Western Karawanks and the lower-lying Eastern Karawanks. It is traversed by the Periadriatic Seam, separating the Apulian tectonic plate from the Eurasian Plate.
==Geography==
The Karawanks form the continuation of the Carnic Alps east of the Slizza stream near the tripoint of Austria, Slovenia and Italy at Arnoldstein. They are confined by the Drava Valley in the north (called ''Rosental/Rož'') and the Sava in the south, separating it from the adjacent Julian Alps. In the east, they border on the Kamnik–Savinja Alps and Pohorje ranges.
A number of mountain passes on important trade routes cross the range, like Wurzen (''Koreno''), Loibl (''Ljubelj'') or Seeberg (''Jezero''), which have been used since prehistory. Nowadays the Austrian Karawanken Autobahn (A11) runs from Villach to the Karavanke motorway tunnel, which traverses the Western Karawanks connecting it with the Slovenian A2 motorway at Jesenice. A parallel railway line crosses the range through the Karawanks railway tunnel.
The Karawanks are a popular mountaineering area with numerous mountain huts. Many of the peaks offer a good view of the Klagenfurt basin on the Austrian side and the Ljubljana basin on the Slovene side. The northern Austrian side is rocky and precipitous while the Slovenian side is less steep, covered with spruce forests and low bushy pine at lower elevations with grass higher up.
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