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}} | other_name = | settlement_type = County-level city | image_skyline = Kashgar-minarete-d01.jpg | image_caption = A minaret in Kashgar close to Id Kah mosque | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Kashi mcp.png | map_caption = Location (red) within Kashgar Prefecture | pushpin_map = Xinjiang | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Xinjiang | latd = 39 | latm = 28| lats =| latNS = N | longd = 75 | longm = 59| longs =| longEW = E | coordinates_display = title | coordinates_region = CN-65 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Xinjiang | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Kashgar | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 555 | area_land_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = 2818 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1270 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 506,640〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China - Xinjiang Weiwu'er Zizhiqu )〕 | population_as_of = 2010 census | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 819095 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone = GMT+6 (''de facto'') | utc_offset = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 844000 | area_code = 0998 | website = | footnotes = }} Kashgar (known in Chinese as Kashi) is an oasis city with an approximate population of 350,000. It is the westernmost city in China, located near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar has a rich history of over 2,000 years and served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe. Kashgar is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. Located historically at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, Persian, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of an extraordinary number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes. Now administered as a county-level unit of the People's Republic of China, Kashgar is the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has an area of and a population of approximately 3.5 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kashgar ).〕 The city's urban area covers , though its administrative area extends over . ==Name== The modern Chinese name is (Kāshí), a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used (; (ウイグル語:قەشقەر)). Ptolemy (AD 90-168), in his ''Geography'', Chapter 15.3A, refers to Kashgar as “Kasi”.〔"The Triple System of Orography in Ptolemy’s Xinjiang." Étienne de la Vaissière. Exegisti monumenta : Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams. Edited by Werner Sundermann, Almut Hintze and François de Blois, p. 530. Harrowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden.〕 Its western and probably indigenous name is the ''Kāš'' ("rock"), to which the East Iranian ''-γar'' ("mountain"; cf. Pashto and Middle Persian ''gar/ġar'', from Old Persian/Pahlavi ''girīwa'' ("hill; ridge (of a mountain)") was attached, while in the East it appears in Chinese as ''Shule'' () and in Tibetan as ''Śu-lig''.〔P. Lurje: (KASHGAR ). In Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2009, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 1, p. 48-50.〕 Alternative historical Romanizations for "Kashgar" include ''Cascar''〔E.g., René Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', ISBN 0-8135-1304-9, p. 360; "Cascar" is the spelling used in most accounts of the travels of Bento de Góis, starting with the main primary source: Trigault, Nicolas S. J. "China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Mathew Ricci: 1583–1610". English translation by Louis J. Gallagher, S.J. (New York: Random House, Inc. 1953). Cascar (Kashgar) is discussed extensively in, Book Five, Chapter 11, "Cathay and China: The Extraordinary Odyssey of a Jesuit Lay Brother" and Chapter 12, "Cathay and China Proved to Be Identical."(pp. 499–521 in 1953 edition). The (full Latin text ) of the original work, ''De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas'', is available on Google Books.〕 and ''Cashgar''.〔(Cashgar )〕 Variant names include the approved name Shule, the (ウイグル語:يېڭىشەھەر), the official transcriptions of the Uyghur (unicode:K̂äxk̂är) or Kaxgar,〔Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家测绘局地名研究所: ''Zhōngguó dìmínglù'' 中国地名录 (''Gazetteer of China''; Beijing, SinoMaps Press 中国地图出版社 1997); ISBN 7-5031-1718-4, p. 117.〕 as well as Jangi-schahr, Kashgar Yangi Shahr, K’o-shih-ka-erh, K’o-shih-ka-erh-hsin-ch’eng, Ko-shih-ka-erh-hui-ch’eng, K’o-shih-ko-erh-hsin-ch’eng, New Kashgar, Sheleh, Shuleh, Shulen, Shu-lo, Su-lo, Su-lo-chen, Su-lo-hsien, Yangi-shaar, Yangi-shahr, Yangishar, Yéngisheher, Yengixəh̨ər and Еңишәһәр. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kashgar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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