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, often referred to simply as Jikishinkage-ryū or Kashima Shinden, is a traditional school (''koryū'') of the Japanese martial art of swordsmanship (''kenjutsu''). The school was founded in the mid-16th century, based upon older styles of swordsmanship, and is one of the few ancient Japanese martial arts schools still existing today.〔(Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan, volume 1 ) by Skoss, Diane (Editor). New Jersey, (Koryu Books ), 1997. ISBN 1-890536-04-0.〕〔(Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryu ). (Koryu Books ), 2002.〕〔(Jikishinkage-ryu kenjutsu ). (Koryu Books ), 2002.〕〔 (Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryu. The Origin of Samurai-Swordsmanship from KASHIMA SHRINE, The God of BUSHIDO KASHIMA – A Symbol of Justice by the Sword. ) by Masaru Iwasa. Japan, (SAMURAI-BUSHIDO SOCIETY ), 2005, hardcover. ISBN 4-900785-24-5.〕〔 Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū 鹿島神傳直心影流 by Yamada Jirōkichi 山田 次朗吉. Suishinsha, hardcover, 1927.〕〔 Kashima Shinden Jiki Shinkage-ryū Gokui Denkai『鹿島神伝直心影流極意伝開』by Ishigaki Yasuzō 石垣安造. Japan, Tōkyō, Shinjusha 新樹社, 1992, hardcover. ISBN 4-7875-8407-3.〕〔 (Jiki Shinkage-ryū Kenjutsu with Ōmori Sōgen. ) Japan, Nihon Kobudo series, filmed during the 1970s by the Japanese Ministry of Education in a series on many of the traditional koryū. DVD, 2005.〕〔 (Aikido Anno XXXIX: Jikishinkage ryu kenjutsu ) by Aikikai d'Italia, Italy. (translation )〕 Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū can be translated as the "divinely transmitted, honest reflection of the heart, school of Kashima." By repetitive practice, one maintains a constant connection with the cosmos by aspiring to jikishin (直心) unwavering intention and seimeishin (生命心) perfect clarity of mind, just like a cloudless sky on a brilliant sunny day. A practitioner who has attained heightened jikishin and seimeishin is said to have fudōshin (不動心) immovable heart.〔(KATEIGAHO International Edition (KIE), JAPAN'S ARTS & CULTURE, 2008 WINTER ISSUE VOL. 18, Mastering Budo ) by (SEKAI BUNKA PUBLISHING INC. ). Tokyo, Japan, magazine, 2008, pages 70 – 73. ISBN 978-4-418-07143-2.〕 == History == The Jikishinkage-ryū style descends from the ''kenjutsu'' styles developed in the late Muromachi period which overlaps the early Sengoku period, or better dated as late 15th or early 16th century, at the Kashima Shrine by the founder, Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami Naokatsu (松本 備前守 尚勝, 1467–1524).〔 The direct predecessors of the Jikishinkage-ryū style are the Shinkage-ryū and the Kage-ryū (Aizu) styles. The Jikishin Kage-ryū Kenjutsu comes from a previous school, Kage-ryū Kenjutsu. A samurai (侍) called Aisu Iko founded Kage-ryū in 1490.〔 He perfected, and taught his style around Japan. There are evidence from 1525, that another samurai, Kamiizumi Ise-no-Kami Nobutsuna (1508–1548) is teaching his own style, a form of Kage-ryū kenjutsu. He called it Shinkage-ryū (the school of the new shadow). Jikishin Kage-ryū means 'the newest school of the ancient shadow'. He was denoting with the name, to the ancestors, and expressing respect to his former masters. Matsumoto Bizen no Kami Naokatsu was a famous master of this school, he also founded his own school first called Kashima Shinryū, then Kashima Shinden Jiki Shinkage-ryū. These schools can be found even today all around the world. There are more variations like Jikishin Kage-ryū, Seito Shinkage-ryū, etc. During the 19th century, Jiki Shinkage-ryū was one of the most popular schools of combative swordsmanship (kenjutsu) in eastern Japan, especially in the Edo area. The 14th headmaster or sōke (宗家) of Jikishin Kage-ryū Kenjutsu—Sakakibara Kenkichi—was one of the most well-known swordsmen of his time, and the personal bodyguard of the Shogun. Sakakibara had hundreds of students during his lifetime, many of them rising to the "rank" of menkyo kaiden (免許皆伝) and shihan (師範), thus able to pass on the full tradition. At least 20 menkyo kaiden can be found in official listing of successors.〔''Bugei Ryuha Daijiten'' (Encyclopedia of Martial art schools), Watatani and Yamada, 1978, pages 155 - 156.〕 Some of them derived their own branch lines. His most talented disciple was Yamada Jirōkichi (山田 次朗) from whom the Seito-ha (正統派), which means main line system or traditional school. A less well-known, but highly skilled, menkyo kaiden ranked student was Matsudaira Yasutoshi, who, like Yamada Jirōkichi, studied the more traditional ways of Jikishin Kage-ryū. The best apprentice of Yasutoshi was Makita Shigekats, a young man from a samurai family from Hokkaidō. His name, and Jikishin Kage-ryū became famous on the northern island in the times of the Japanese civil war in 1868. By sword fighting, he was an expert in kyūdō (弓道), Japanese archery. He was the heir of the title of shihan of Jikishinkage-ryū, but unfortunately he was fighting a losing battle against the Emperor in the revolution. The cast of the samurai was disbanded, and he had to run. Later, he returned to Hokkaidō, and opened his own dōjō, called Jikishin Kan Dōjō. He was teaching various martial arts, not just kenjutsu. His dōjō was popular, in spite of the prohibition of the katana in 1876.〔// (Jikishin Kage-ryu Kenjutsu – Shinbukan )〕 After Shigekatsu's death, the village of Atsuta raised a black granite obelisk in his memory. This memorial can be seen today. The family tradition has been taken by his grandson, Kimiyoshi Suzuki. Kimiyoshi is also a master of Goju-ryu Karate and Jikishin Kage-ryū Kenjutsu.〔〔 There were many other famous practitioners of Jiki Shinkage-ryū under Sakakibara who did not reach the highest levels of the system and consequently were not named as successors. Perhaps the most famous of these was Sokaku Takeda, founder of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu. In contrast, some writers have claimed that other famous historical personages such as Muso Gonnosuke were in the line of transmission of Jiki Shinkage-ryu. However, Gonnosuke was never in the direct lineage of Jiki Shinkage-ryu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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