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Kashmir (Kashmiri: ''Kashhir'' / كشهير ; ; ), archaically spelled Cashmere, is in the northwestern region of South Asia. Until the mid-19th century, the term ''Kashmir'' geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range. Today, it denotes a larger area that includes the Indian administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir (which consists of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, and Ladakh), the Pakistan administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan, and the Chinese-administered regions of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract. In the first half of the 1st millennium, the Kashmir region became an important centre of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose.〔Basham, A. L. (2005) ''The wonder that was India'', Picador. Pp. 572. ISBN 0-330-43909-X, p. 110.〕 In 1349, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the ''Salatin-i-Kashmir'' or Swati dynasty.〔''Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 15''. 1908. Oxford University Press, Oxford and London. pp. 93–95.〕 For the next five centuries, Muslim monarchs ruled Kashmir, including the Mughals, who ruled from 1526 until 1751, and the Afghan Durrani Empire, which ruled from 1747 until 1820.〔 That year, the Sikhs, under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir.〔 In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the ''paramountcy'' (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until 1947, when the former princely state of British India became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China. ==Etymology== The word Kashmir is derived from Sanskrit ().〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages )〕 In the Manvantara period, Kashyapa was one of the seven Sages. The Indian valley of Kashmir in the himalayas is named after him. Legend states that the vale of Kashmir was a vast high altitude lake which was drained by Kashyap Rishi, out of which the beautiful valley of Kashmir emerged, hence the name Kashyapmira which corrupted overtime to become Kashmir. The Nilamata Purana describes the Valley's origin from the waters, Ka means "water" and Shimir means "to desiccate". Hence, Kaashmir stands for "a land desiccated from water." There is also a theory which takes Kaashmir to be a contraction of Kashyap-mira or Kashyapmir or Kashyapmeru, the "sea or mountain of Kashyapa", the sage who is credited with having drained the waters of the primordial lake Satisar, that Kaashmir was before it was reclaimed. The Nilamata Purana gives the name Kaashmira to the Valley considering it to be an embodiment of Uma and it is the Kaashmir that the world knows today. The Kaashmiris, however, call it Kashir, which has been derived phonetically from Kaashmir, as pointed out by Aurel Stein in his introduction to the Rajatarangini. In the Rajatarangini, a history of Kashmir written by Kalhana in the 12th century, it is stated that the valley of Kaashmir was formerly a lake. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, KASHYAPA, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla (Varaha-mula). Cashmere is a variant spelling of Kashmir. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kashmir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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