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Óc Eo (French, from (クメール語:អូរកែវ), ''O Keo'', "Glass Canal") is an archaeological site in Thoại Sơn District in southern An Giang Province, Vietnam, in the Mekong River Delta. It is also one of the modern day communes of Vietnam. Óc Eo may have been a busy port of the kingdom of Funan between the 1st and 7th centuries. Scholars use the term "Óc Eo Culture" to refer to the ancient material culture of the Mekong Delta region that is typified by the artifacts recovered at Óc Eo through archeological investigation. ==The Archeological Site== Excavation at Óc Eo began on February 10, 1942, after French archaeologists had discovered the site through the use of aerial photography. The first excavations were led by Louis Malleret. The site covers 450 ha. Óc Eo is situated within a network of ancient canals that crisscross the low flatland of the Mekong Delta. One of the canals connects Óc Eo to the town's seaport while another goes 42 miles north-northeast to Angkor Borei. Óc Eo is longitudinally bisected by a canal, and there are four transverse canals along which pile-supported houses were perhaps ranged.〔Paul Lévy, "Recent Archaeological Researches by the École Français d’Extrême Orient, French Indo-China, 1940–1945", in Kalidas Nag (ed.), ''Sir William Jones: Bicentenary of his Birth Commemoration Volume, 1746–1946'', Calcutta, Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1948, pp.118-19; paraphrased in R. C. Majumdar, ''Ancient Indian colonisation in South-East Asia,'' Baroda, B.J. : Sandesara, 1963, pp.12-13.〕 Archeological sites reflecting the material culture of Óc Eo are spread throughout southern Vietnam, but are most heavily concentrated in the area of the Mekong Delta to the south and west of Ho Chi Minh City. The most significant site, aside from Óc Eo itself, is at Tháp Muời north of the Tien Giang River, where among other remains a stele with a 6th-century Sanskrit text has been discovered. Aerial photography in 1958 revealed that during the Funan period a distributary of the Mekong entered the Gulf of Thailand in the vicinity of Ta Keo, which was then on the shore but since then become separated by some distance from the sea as a result of siltation. At that time, Ta Keo was connected by a canal with Oc Eo, allowing it access to the Gulf.〔Aulis Lind, “Ancient canals and environments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam”, ''Journal of Geography,'' vol.79, no.2, February 1980, pp.74-75.〕 The distributary of the Mekong revealed in the aerial photography was probably the ''Saenus'' mentioned in Ptolemy’s ''Geography'' as the western branch of the Mekong, which Ptolemy called the ''Cottiaris''.〔Identified as such by C. E. Gerini, ''Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia; Asiatic Society Monographs,'' Vol. I, 1909, pp.193, 775 and Albert Herrmann, „Die alten Verkehrswege zwischen Indien und Süd-China nach Ptolemäus“, ''Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin,'' 1913, pp.771-787, p.784. () English translation at: ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Óc Eo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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