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|image_caption = Skyscrapers in Katowice |image_flag = Katowice Flaga.svg |image_shield = Katowice Herb.svg |pushpin_map = Poland |pushpin_label_position = bottom |coordinates_region = PL |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Poland |subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship |subdivision_name1 = Silesian |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = ''city county'' |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Marcin Krupa |established_title = Established |established_date = 16th century - 1598 first official information |established_title2 = City rights |established_date2 = 1865 |elevation_min_m = 266 |elevation_max_m = 352 |area_total_km2 = 164.67 |population_as_of = 2013 |population_total = 307233 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd = 50 |latm = 15 |lats = |latNS = N |longd = 19 |longm = 0 |longs = |longEW = E |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 40-001 to 40-999 |area_code = +48 32 |website = http://www.katowice.eu |blank_name = Car plates |blank_info = }} Katowice (; (ドイツ語:Kattowitz), , officially Miasto Katowice) is a city in southwestern Poland and the center of the Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 304,362 as of 2013. Katowice is a center of science, culture, industry, business, trade, and transportation in Upper Silesia and southern Poland, and the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region. Katowice lies within an urban zone, with a population of 2,746,460 according to Eurostat,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CityProfiles: Katowice )〕 and also part of the wider Silesian metropolitan area, with a population of 5,294,000 according to the European Spatial Planning Observation Network.〔("''Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)''" ) - European Spatial Planning Observation Network, 2007〕 Today, Katowice is a rapidly growing city and emerging metropolis.〔(Interim Territorial Cohesion Report ) - Preliminary results of ESPON and EU Commission studies〕 It is the 16th most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union with an output amounting to $114.5 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Global city GDP 2011 )〕 Katowice has been the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously it was the capital of the Katowice Voivodeship, the autonomous Silesian Voivodeship in Poland, and the Province of Upper Silesia in Germany. ==History== The area around Katowice, in Upper Silesia, has been inhabited by ethnic Silesians from its earliest documented history. It was first ruled by the Polish Silesian Piast dynasty until its extinction. From 1335, it was a part of the Crown of Bohemia. In 1526 the territory passed to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy after the death of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia. In 1742, most of Silesia was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Silesian War. Kattowitz gained city status in 1865 in the Prussian Province of Silesia. The city flourished due to large mineral (especially coal) deposits in the nearby mountains. Extensive city growth and prosperity depended on the coal mining and steel industries, which took off during the Industrial Revolution. The city was inhabited mainly by Germans, Silesians, Jews and Poles. In 1884, 36 Jewish Zionist delegates met here, forming the Hovevei Zion movement. Previously part of the Beuthen district, in 1873 it became the capital of the new Kattowitz district. On 1 April 1899, the city was separated from the district, becoming an independent city. Under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, the Upper Silesia plebiscite was organised by the League of Nations. Though Kattowitz proper voted 22,774 to remain in Germany and 3,900 for Poland, it was attached to Poland as the larger district voted 66,119 for Poland and 52,992 for Germany.〔Documents on British foreign policy, 1919-1939 Great Britain. Foreign Office, Ernest Llewellyn Woodward page 44〕 Following the Silesian Uprisings of 1918–21 Katowice became part of the Second Polish Republic with some autonomy for the Silesian Parliament as a constituency and the Silesian Voivodeship Council as the executive body). The city was occupied by Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1945. In 1953, after death of the General Secretary of the CPSU Joseph Stalin the ''City of Katowice'' was renamed ''Stalinogród'' ("Stalin City", like a lot of cities in that time e.g. Staliniri, but originally named after Stalin's death) by the Polish United Workers' Party Polish communist party's government in honor of Soviet dictator, but the new name never gained acceptance and in 1956 the former name was restored. Severe ecological damage to the environment occurred during the post–Second World War communist governance in the People's Republic of Poland, but recent changes in regulations, procedures and policies of Polish government since the fall of Communism have reversed much of the harm.〔Auer, Matthew R. 2004. “Lessons from Leaders and Laggards: Appraising Environmental Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia,” in Matthew R. Auer, ed., ''Restoring Cursed Earth: Appraising Environmental Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe and Russia.'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield: page 6.〕 Economic reforms since 1989 have shifted the economy away from heavy industry towards small businesses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Katowice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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