|
Katyayini is the sixth form amongst the Navadurga or the nine forms of Hindu goddess Parvati or (Shakti), worshipped during the Navratri celebrations.〔(The Sixth form of Durga )〕 this is the second name given for Parvati in amarakosha, the Sanskrit lexicon. (uma katyayani gaouri kali haimavathi iiswari) In Shaktism she is associated with the fierce forms of Shakti or Durga, a Warrior goddess, which also includes Bhadrakali and Chandika,〔''Religious beliefs and practices of North India during the early medieval period'', by Vibhuti Bhushan Mishra. Published by BRILL, 1973. ISBN 90-04-03610-5. ''Page 22''.〕 and traditionally she is associated with the colour red, as with Goddess Durga, the primordial form of Shakti, a fact also mentioned in Patanjali's ''Mahabhashya'' on Pāṇini, written in 2nd BCE.〔''Devī-māhātmya: the crystallization of the goddess tradition'', by Thomas B. Coburn. Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1988. ISBN 81-208-0557-7. ''Page 240''.〕 She is first mentioned in the Taittiriya Aranyaka part of the Krishna Yajurveda. Skanda Purana mentions her being created out of the spontaneous anger of Gods, which eventually led to slaying the demon, Mahishasura, mounted of the lion given to her by Goddess Gauri. This occasion is celebrated during the annual Durga Puja festival in most parts of India.〔(CHAPTER VII. UMĀ. ) ''Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic'', by W.J. Wilkins. 1900. ''page 306''〕 Her exploits are described in the ''Devi-Bhagavata Purana'' and ''Devi Mahatmyam'', part of the Markandeya Purana attributed to sage Markandeya Rishi, who wrote it in Sanskrit ca. 400-500 CE. Over a period of time, her presence was also felt in Buddhist and Jain texts and several Tantric text, especially the Kalika Purana (10th century), which mentions ''Uddiyana'' or ''Odradesa'' (Odisha), as the seat of Goddess Katyayani and Lord Jagannath .〔(Uddiyana Pitha ) ''Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa: Text'', by Thomas E. Donaldson, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. Abhinav Publications, 2001. ISBN 81-7017-406-6. ''Page 9''.〕 In Hindu traditions like Yoga and the Tantra, she is ascribed to the sixth Ajna Chakra or the 'Third eye chakra', and her blessings are invoked by concentrating on this point.〔 ==Mythology== According to ancient legends, she was born a daughter of Katyayana Rishi, born in the Katya lineage, thus called Katyayani, "daughter of Katyayana" . Elsewhere in texts like the Kalika Purana, it is mentioned that it was Rishi Kaytyayana who first worshipped her, hence she came to known as Katyayani''. In either case, she is a demonstration or apparition of the Durga, and is worshipped on the sixth day of Navratri festival.〔〔(Forms of Durga )〕 The ''Vamana Purana'' mentions the legend of her creation in great detail: "When the gods had sought Vishnu in their distress, he, and at his command Shiva, Brahma, and the other gods, emitted such flames from their eyes and countenances that a mountain of effulgence was formed, from which became manifest Katyayini, refulgent as a thousand suns, having three eyes, black hair, and eighteen arms. Siva gave her his trident, Vishnu a Sudarshan Chakra or discus, Varuna a shankha, a conch-shell, Agni a dart, Vayu a bow, Surya a quiver full of arrows, Indra a thunderbolt, Kuvera a mace, Brahma a rosary and water-pot, Kala a shield and sword, Visvakarma a battle-axe and other weapons. Thus armed, and adored by the gods, Katyayini proceeded to the Vindhya hills. There, the asuras Chanda and Munda saw her, and captivated by her beauty they so described her to Mahishasura, their king, that he was anxious to obtain her. On asking for her hand, she told him she must be won in fight. He came, and fought; at length Durga dismounted from her lion, and sprang upon the back of Mahisha, who was in the form of a buffalo, and with her tender feet so smote him on the head that he fell to the ground senseless, when she cut off his head with her sword, and hence was called ''Mahishasuramardini'', the Slayer of Mahishasura.,〔 the legend also finds mention in ''Varaha Purana'', and the classical text of Shaktism the ''Devi-Bhagavata Purana''〔''The triumph of the goddess: the canonical models and theological visions of the Devī-Bhāgavata Purāṇa'', by Cheever Mackenzie Brown. SUNY Press, 1990. ISBN 0-7914-0363-7. ''Page 97''.〕 According to 'Tantras, she revealed through the North face, which is one six Faces of Shiva. This face is s blue in color and with three eyes, and also revealed the Devis, Dakshinakalika, Mahakali, Guhyakah, Smashanakalika, Bhadrakali, Ekajata, Ugratara (fierce Tara), Taritni, Chhinnamasta, Nilasarasvati (Blue Saraswati), Durga, Jayadurga, Navadurga, Vashuli, Dhumavati, Vishalakshi, Gauri, Bagalamukhi, Pratyangira, Matangi, Mahishasuramardini, their rites and Mantras.〔(Chapter Six: Shakti and Shakta ) ''Shakti and Shâkta'', by Arthur Avalon (Sir John Woodroffe), 1918.〕 Elsewhere in history, Katyayani and Maitreyi are mentioned as a wives of Sage Yajnavalkya (याज्ञवल्क्य) of Vedic India, credited with the authorship of the Shatapatha Brahmana〔(LECTURE II - THE MYSTICISM OF THE UPANISHADS ) ''Hindu Mysticism'', by S.N. Dasgupta, 1927.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Katyayini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|