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Kazakhgate
Kаzаkhgаtе refers to the scandal surrounding James Giffen, an American businessman and former advisor of Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbayev.〔Peter Maass, (The Fuel Fixers ), ''The New York Times'', December 23, 2007.〕
==Charges==
US prosecutors accused Giffen of bribery paid to Nazarbayev and Nurlan Balgimbayev, former Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, to secure contracts over the Tengiz oil fields for Western companies in the 1990s.〔(Kazakhgate fires up Kazakhstan's election campaign ) Eurasia Insight〕
James Giffen was arrested in 2003 at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York while attempting to board a plane to Paris, though in doing so it was later learned he was in no way attempting to flee the country. He had a return ticket and it was a normal planned business trip. He was charged by the US attorney's office of the Southern District of New York with violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1974 and with money laundering.〔Marlena Telvick, (Indictments allege bribes were paid for Kazakhstan oil ), ''San Francisco Chronicle'', April 7, 2003〕 He was carrying a Kazakhstani diplomatic passport, though dual citizenship is not allowed by the laws of Kazakhstan. The attorney's office also charged J. Bryan Williams III, a former Mobil executive, with tax evasion relating to kickbacks from Mobil's business in Kazakhstan.
According to the federal bribery charges, Giffen was accused of creating Swiss bank accounts and transferring $20 million,〔(Kazakhstan President Nazarbayev Accepted Bribes, U.S. Alleges ), Bloomberg, April 16, 2003.〕 paying tuition at exclusive boarding schools for family members of Kazakh officials, and buying millions of dollars in jewelry. Giffen's lawyers assert that Giffen was acting with the full knowledge and approval of the US government. Giffen requested access to classified information at his trial to back up his claims. The government opposed the revelation of classified information.〔Timothy O'Connor, "(Mamaroneck banker can use spy defense at trial )," The Journal News, January 26, 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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