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__NOTOC__ Kebab Norwegian (''Kebabnorsk''; ) is a variety of Norwegian that incorporates words from languages of non-Western immigrants to Norway, such as Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, Urdu, Pashto, Persian, and Punjabi. Kebab Norwegian has its origin among immigrant youths and those growing up with immigrant youths in the eastern parts of Oslo. Kebab Norwegian was first identified in the 1990s. In 1995, Stine Aasheim wrote an M.A. thesis on the phenomenon: "Kebab-norsk: fremmedspråklig påvirkning på ungdomsspråket i Oslo".〔Published in Ulla-Britt Kotsinas, Anna-Britta Stenström and Anna-Malin Karlsson, eds., ''Ungdomsspråk i Norden'', föredrag från ett forskarsymposium: Språk och Kultur i Norden, 3, 14-16 juni 1996, Stockholm, MINS 43, Stockholm: Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1997, OCLC 470107861, pp. 235-42.〕〔Toril Opsahl, ("'Egentlig alle kan bidra'" ), Meninger (Opinions), ''Aftenposten'' 18 March 2010 〕 Andreas Eilert Østby, who used Kebab Norwegian in his translation of Jonas Hassen Khemiri's novel ''Ett öga rött'' about immigrants speaking a similar dialect of Swedish, published a Kebab Norwegian dictionary in the same year, 2005.〔Bernt Erik Pedersen, ("– Avblås jakten på 'innvandrerromanen'" ), , ''Dagsavisen'', Kultur (Culture), 23 April 2005, retrieved 21 February 2011 〕 In 2007, a hip-hop Kebab Norwegian version of ''Romeo and Juliet'' was staged in Oslo.〔Mona Larsen, (på kebabnorsk: 'Shakespeare in Love', 'Rapsody in Blue' og nå – 'Romeo og Julie in Rap!'. Framført på kebabnorsk på en teaterbåt Bjørvika" ), ''Dagsavisen'', Kultur 22 October 2007, retrieved 21 February 2011 〕 In 2008, ''99% Ærlig'', a film about East Oslo youth, featured Kebab Norwegian.〔Sandra Mei Ling Noer, ("Nå skal Norge lære kebab-norsk" ), NRK Østlandsendingen 12 September 2008 〕 The name "Kebab Norwegian" is taken from the kebab and based on stereotypes of users, who tend not to refer to it by that name, and increasingly perceive it as referring to "bad Norwegian" rather than linguistic creativity.〔Stig Nøra, ("Misliker kebabnorsk" ), Forskning.no 10 December 2010 〕 Academic researchers more commonly refer to it as an ethnolect, specifically "Norwegian multiethnolect".〔〔Lars Anders Kulbrandstad, ("Etnolekter—hva er det?" ), ''Norsklæreren'' 3 (2003) 5-13, p. 12 (pdf) 〕〔Bente Ailin Svendsen and Unn Røyneland, "Multiethnolectal facts and functions in Oslo, Norway", ''International Journal of Bilingualism'' March 2008, pp. 63-83, (abstract ).〕 It includes words from about 20 languages, including Japanese and a surprisingly large amount of Spanish.〔Hilde Lundgaard, ("Kebabnorsk goes caramba" ), ''Aftenposten'' 26 January 2002 〕 The dialect continues to evolve. As is characteristic of immigrant ways of speaking, it is used also by native-born young people when speaking with their peers,〔Cathrine Hellesøy, "Blod og babes på Holmlia - Snakker kebabnorsk med venner", ''Aftenposten'' 22 December 2010, (Archived version (registration required) ), updated January 1, 2011 as ("La oss avor, baosj kommer!" ), retrieved 21 February 2011 〕 and users code-switch and avoid it in situations such as job interviews.〔Hege Ulstein, ("Budlekurre: Tert eller besti?: Språk er kommunikasjon. Men det er også identitet" ), Meninger, ''Dagsavisen'' 19 June 2011, updated 21 June 2011, retrieved 21 February 2011 〕 ==See also== * Norwegian dialects * Rinkeby Swedish 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kebabnorsk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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