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Kedyw ((:ˈkɛdɨf), from ''Kierownictwo Dywersji'', "Directorate for Subversion"), was an underground movement - Armia Krajowa organization during World War II, which specialized in active and passive sabotage, propaganda and armed action against Nazi German forces and collaborators.〔 ( Konflikty Zbrojne, Artykuły, Historia, II wojna światowa: Kedyw )〕 ==Operations== Kedyw was created on January 22, 1943, from two pre-existing Armia Krajowa organizations: Związek Odwetu, and Wachlarz. Initially the units were small and town-based. Eventually, as more were formed, some moved into forested areas to begin partisan warfare. Kedyw organized weapon and munition factories, military schools, intelligence, counter-intelligence, field hospitals, and a communication network. Most members of Kedyw were Boy Scouts from Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego and its wartime organization, Szare Szeregi. Many of the officers were cichociemni, special agents trained in the United Kingdom and parachuted into occupied Poland. Selected Kedyw groups (''patrole'') carried out operations all over occupied Poland. Notable types of operations included: * the sabotaging of rail lines, bridges and roads * * the burning of trains and fuel depots * the destruction or damaging of weapon factories working for the Wehrmacht * the liberation of hundreds of prisoners and hostages * * a famous operation of this type, which took place on March 26, 1943, is known as "Akcja pod Arsenałem" * executions of Nazi collaborators and traitors sentenced by an underground court * * one of these involved Igo Sym, a Polish actor who had been informing the Germans about Home Army operations * executions of particularly brutal individuals among the German occupation troops, Gestapo, SS and police known as Operation Heads〔Tomasz Strzembosz, Akcje zbrojne podziemnej Warszawy 1939-1944, Warszawa, 1978〕 * * those executed included SS and police General Franz Kutschera, killed on February 2, 1944, SS-Hauptscharfuehrer August Kretschmann, commandant of the Gęsiówka concentration camp, SS-Rottenführer Ewald Lange , SS-Obersturmführer Herbert Schultz, SS-Oberscharführer Franz Bürkl and many others (more than 2,000 people). It should be noted, that such individuals were officially sentenced to death for their crimes by Polish Underground State court and such sentence had been delivered to those individuals - many could not stand the pressure and returned to Reich. * Operation Belt 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kedyw」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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