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KenKen and KenDoku are trademarked names for a style of arithmetic and logic puzzle invented in 2004 by Japanese math teacher Tetsuya Miyamoto,〔(A New Puzzle Challenges Math Skills ), ''New York Times'', February 8, 2009〕 who intended the puzzles to be an instruction-free method of training the brain.〔(Tetsuya Miyamoto creates KenKen. Train your brain ), ''The Times'', 21 March 2008〕 The names Calcudoku and Mathdoku are sometimes used by those who don't have the rights to use the KenKen or KenDoku trademarks.〔(KenDoku renamed to CalcuDoku )〕〔(KenKen renamed to Mathdoku )〕 The name derives from the Japanese word for .〔 As in sudoku, the goal of each puzzle is to fill a grid with digits –– 1 through 4 for a 4×4 grid, 1 through 5 for a 5×5, etc. –– so that no digit appears more than once in any row or any column (a Latin square). Grids range in size from 3×3 to 9×9. Additionally, KenKen grids are divided into heavily outlined groups of cells –– often called “cages” –– and the numbers in the cells of each cage must produce a certain “target” number when combined using a specified mathematical operation (either addition, subtraction, multiplication or division). For example, a linear three-cell cage specifying addition and a target number of 6 in a 4×4 puzzle must be satisfied with the digits 1, 2, and 3. Digits may be repeated within a cage, as long as they are not in the same row or column. No operation is relevant for a single-cell cage: placing the "target" in the cell is the only possibility (thus being a "free space"). The target number and operation appear in the upper left-hand corner of the cage. In the English-language KenKen books of Will Shortz, the issue of the non-associativity of division and subtraction is addressed by restricting clues based on either of those operations to cages of only two cells in which the numbers may appear in any order. Hence if the target is 1 and the operation is - (subtraction) and the number choices are 2 and 3, possible answers are 2,3 or 3,2. Some puzzle authors have not done this and have published puzzles that use more than two cells for these operations. ==History== In 2007, toy inventor Robert Fuhrer, owner of Nextoy and creator of Gator Golf, Crocodile Dentist, and dozens of other popular toys and games, encountered KenKen books published in Japan by the educational publisher Gakken Co., Ltd. and titled .〔 Fuhrer's company Nextoy, LLC (now holder of a trademark on "KenKen" and "KenDoku" as a name for brain-training puzzles) and chess International Master Dr. David Levy helped bring the puzzles to the attention of Michael Harvey, an editor of ''The Times'' (London).〔Stephey, M. J. ("The Next Sudoku?" ) Time Magazine 23 Mar. 2009: 72.〕 Harvey, impressed with what he calls its "depth and magnitude", arranged for publication of such puzzles, starting in March 2008, in ''The Times''. Other papers, including the ''New York Times'', followed suit. KenKen now appears in more than 200 newspapers in the United States and worldwide. In 2014, KenKen signed an agreement with DTI, the software division of inflight entertainment expert Advanced Flight Alliance AG, and its parent company Global Eagle Entertainment, to provide KenKen on international flights.〔http://airfax.com/blog/index.php/2014/02/11/dti-to-bring-popular-brain-game-kenken-to-inflight-entertainment/〕〔http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/02/prweb11572980.htm〕 In 2015, KenKen partnered with German news organization ''Der Spiegel''.〔http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/kenken-kostenlos-online-spielen-a-994418.html〕 The magazine, which is one of Europe's largest news publications, offers KenKen puzzles on their website and on their mobile app.〔http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/kenken-app-fuer-android-und-ios-kostenlos-a-1041247.html〕 KenKen is also being used by over 30,000 teachers throughout the United States to teach math skills, problem solving techniques, logic, and critical thinking.〔Kulkarni, D. (Enjoying Math: Learning Problem Solving With KenKen Puzzles ), A textbook for teaching with KenKen Puzzles.〕 Today KenKen can be played online at (www.kenkenpuzzle.com ), the New York Times and Yahoo! Games online sites, as well as on its iOS, Android and Kindle Fire apps. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「KenKen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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