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| population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = Kerkradenaar | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 6460–6471 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 045 | website = | footnotes = }} Kerkrade (, Kerkrade dialect: ''Kirchroa'') is a town and a municipality in the southeast of Limburg, the southernmost province of the Netherlands. Kerkrade is the western half of a divided city; before the independence of the Netherlands, it was part of the German town of Herzogenrath. The two towns, including outlying suburban settlements, have a population approaching 100,000, of which nearly 47,000 in Kerkrade. == History == The history of Kerkrade is closely linked with that of the adjacent town of Herzogenrath, just across the German border.〔Stenvert, R. et al. (2003). ''Monumenten in Nederland: Limburg'', p. 173–178. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. ISBN 90-400-9623-6.〕 Herzogenrath began as a settlement, called Rode, near the river Worm (or Wurm in German) in the 11th century. In 1104 Augustinian monks founded an abbey, called Kloosterrade, to the west of this settlement. It was called '' 's-Hertogenrode'' or '' 's-Hertogenrade'' (Dutch: ''the Duke's Rode'') after the duchy of Brabant took control over the region; in French it was called ''Rolduc (Rode-le-duc)''. As is the case for many parts of the Southern Netherlands, the place changed hands several times in the last few centuries. It was under Spanish control from 1661, Austrian between 1713 and 1785 and French between 1795 and 1813. In 1815, when the kingdom of the Netherlands was formed (see Vienna Congress), the border was drawn through Herzogenrath, the western part being Kerkrade. In the 18th century the monks of Rolduc began small-scale coal mines. More modern exploitation by others started in 1860, causing Kerkrade to grow significantly, especially as a consequence of the permanent settlement of mainly Southern-European miners in this Northern-European place. When the Willem Sophia mine was opened around 1900, the town grew even more rapidly, absorbing old villages like Chèvremont. In the decades following 1960, all the mines in Limburg were closed. One of the oldest buildings in the municipality is Erenstein, a castle the origins of which lie in the 14th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kerkrade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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