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The Kerykes (, pl. of , ''Keryx'')〔.〕 of Bronze Age Pylos 1200 BC, home to the aged Homeric hero Nestor and the Neleides,〔Herodotus ''Histories'' 5.65, 4.148, 146–7.〕 are listed in the Linear B tablets as ''ka-ru-ke'' serving the ''ra-wa-ko-ri'', the commander of armed forces.〔Py Fr187, un219. Colin Edmonson, "The Leokoreion in Athens," ''Mnemosyne'' 17 (1964) 375–8.〕 In Athens, this office became ceremonial, functioning from the Leokoreion, a building site at the Dipylon Gate.〔S. Brunnsaker, "Leokoreiou=ra-wo-ko-rija?" ''Op.Ath''. 8 (1968) 82–3; G. L. Huxley ''GRBS'' 2 (1954) 91 ra-wa-ke-ta.〕 Linear B tablets〔Py Un219, Tn316.〕 that refer to the ''keryx'' mention the office in context with ''e-ma-a2'' (''e-ma-ha'') ''a-re-ja'', ''Hermes Areias'', meaning either the Warrior, or the Curser (''aras''). In ''Iliad'', the Homeric epic, heralds serve heroic nobility in humble tasks, as cooks, fire-kindlers, wine-pourers, and waiters during feasts and symposia, as scavengers of corpses on the battlefield for cremation or as umpires during funeral games, as messengers between enemies, allies, and warriors during battle, as announcers of public assembly and as language translators (''hermeneus''), and in other odd jobs that earned them the rank of ''demiourgoi'', public workers.〔Homer ''Odyssey'' 19.135.〕 Their ubiquitous yet invisible presence behind the scenes requires concentration, for to understand what they did demands a shift in focus, like watching the black and white striped referees in a football game, rather than the players competing and scoring. Accordingly, ''demiourgoi'' alone demonstrate declining status,〔Bjorn Qviller "Homeric ''Demiourgoi''," ''Symbolae Osloenses'' 55 (1980): 5–21.〕 hence the heraldic office itself declined in sanctity and authority,〔Robert Mondi ''The Function and Social Position of the Kerux in'' ''Early'' ''Greece,'' PhD Harvard University 1978: 1, 87, 116–117.〕 even though its exalted status survived in archaic Athens.〔Wm. Vocke ''The Athenian Herald''s, PhD University of Cincinnati 1970.〕 Two of the most prominent kerykes were the Spartan herald Talthybios, and the Trojan herald Idaios, both being spear-carriers;〔Homer ''Iliad'' 7.281.〕 they were known by the epithet ''pepnumenō''.〔"awesome". Homer ''Iliad'' 7.274.〕 By the archaic period 700-650 BC, Hesiod〔Hesiod ''Theogony'' 938, ''Works and Days'' 80.〕 identifies Hermes with the herald of the Olympians gods that has special control over the daimonic winged Keres in-flight into and out of Pandora, personified wine-storage jars blamed for all of the ills of humans, where only Hope lingered at the rim. She was Demeter ''Anesidora'', one aspect of the grain-goddess at Athens who preceded the revenge-filled Demeter Erinys 'at Eleusis. The burial spot of herald Anthemokritos〔Pausanias ''Description of Greece'' 1.36.3〕 helps identify the larger grave-mound of the Athenian Kerykes with the massive Tomb 9 along the Eridanos River outside the Dipylon Gate.〔Ursula Knigge ''The Athenian Kerameikos'' (1991) pp. 94–98.〕 By the classical period, the Kerykes were one of the sacred Eleusinian families of priests that ran the Eleusinian Mysteries. They popularized the cult and allowed many more to be initiated into the great secrets of Demeter and Persephone. Starting about 300 BC, the state took over control of the Mysteries, specifically controlled by two families: the Eumolpidae and the Kerykes. This led to a vast increase in the number of initiates. The only requirements for membership were a lack of "blood guilt" (meaning having never committed murder) and not a barbarian (i.e. Greek and able to speak Greek). Men, women and even slaves were allowed to be initiated. Kerykes (which means "heralds" in Greek), were also part of the ritual and competitors at the Olympic Games (see Herald and Trumpet contest). ==See also== *Keryx, herald in mythology *List of Mycenaean deities 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kerykes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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