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Kesaria
Situated in East Champaran district of Bihar, Kesariya is an important Buddhist destination falling on the ancient route that connected Pataliputra with Kusinara (present Kusinagar) and Nepal. The place had pre-eminence in ancient Buddhist as is evident from rich architectural heritage scattered around it.
Ancient Kesariya was called Kesaputta and was a republic ruled by Kalamas, which was later annexed by its monarchical neighbour Kosala. Alara Kalama, the teacher of Buddha before enlightenment, is said to belong to Kesaputta. Buddha is also said to have had direct connection with Kesaputta. According to Jataka stories Buddha ruled this place as a Chakravartin Raja in his previous birth. Similarly, it was during one of his visits to Kesaputta that Buddha gave one of his most important discourses, the celebrated Kessaputtiya Sutta, popularly known as Kalama Sutta. Kesariya stupa is believed to have been built to honor the place where Lord Buddha had spent the last days of his journey, before attaining Nirvana. It is said that on his last journey to Pawa Lord Buddha handed over his begging bowl to the following Lichhivis, people of Vaishali and requested them to go back to Vaishali. To venerate the end life of Lord Buddha, the Lichhivis are said to have built this stupa. While formerly, it was only a mud stupa, it gained its present structure in the Maurya, Sunga and Kushana period. Huien Tsang mentions having seen the grand Stupa in Kia-shi-po-lo (Kesariya) but it was deserted and vegetation had overgrown. Today, Kesariya stupa serves as a holy site for the Buddhist pilgrims around the world. Standing tall, it acts as a reminder of the last days of Lord Buddha and his compassionate and gentle approach towards people. In the 1998 excavation, the place around the stupa was found to house significant items, like Islamic coins, arrow heads, copper and terracotta items, earthen lamps, decorated bricks, etc. A number of images of Lord Buddha, in ‘Bhoomi Sparsh Mudra’ and other sitting postures, were also found.
==Kesaria Stupa==
Kesaria was claimed the tallest and the largest Buddhist Stupa in the world. But Mirisawetiya, Abhayagiriya, and Ruwanweliseya in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka are the taller than Kesariya with over 300 feet each. Jetawanaramaya, also situated in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka is the tallest largest stupa in the world standing at approximately 400 feet (122m). The stupa was discovered in 1998 during an excavation led by Archaeologist KK Muhammed of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The stupa dates to between 200 AD and 750 AD and may have been associated with the 4th century ruler, Raja Chakravarti.〔(http://www.buddhis t-pilgrimage.com/kesaria-stupa.html )〕 The local people call this Stupa as Devala, "means the house of god". Before the excavation of this, they believed that inside it there is a temple of 'Lord shiva' which is built by king Bhema .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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