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Kethüda
''Kethüda'' (), often corrupted to ''k()ahya'' or ''kehya'' in daily speech, was an Ottoman Turkish title meaning "steward, deputy, lieutenant". It derives from the Persian word ''katak-khvatai'' ("master of a household", later "chieftain, headman").
The term originated in medieval Persia. Under the Ilkhanids, the term ''kadkhuda'' ((ペルシア語:کدخدا)) referred to a village elder who acted as its representative towards the government, and later, under the Safavids, their duties included the collection of taxes and administration of their village or town. From Persian practice it spread to the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum, and is first attested in Ottoman usage in the 15th century in the sense of an "authorised deputy official". Accordingly, the term is found across a wide variety of official institutions and offices, both in the central and in the provincial administration, where the ''kethüda'' served as a deputy to the ''agha'' or ''re'is'' in charge of a department or unit or a provincial governor (''beylerbey'' or ''sanjakbey''). By far the most important among them was the deputy of the Grand Vizier, the ''sadaret kethüdası''; the ''kethüda yeri'' supervised the timariots in the provinces, and was also found as a title in the Janissary corps; and the ''kapı kethüdası'' was the representative maintained to the capital, Constantinople, by provincial governors, senior viziers, or tributary and vassal rulers like the ''hospodars'' of the Danubian principalities.
At the same time, the Persian institution of ''kethüdas'' as village or town chiefs, also continued under the Ottoman Empire, until it was abolished until 1790. The system was also extended to nomadic tribes; originally, while chieftainship was hereditary, the tribe chieftain appointed ''kethüdas'' over the subordinate clans, while later the clans chose one of their own number to act in this capacity.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Kethüda」の詳細全文を読む
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