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''Keyumars'' (Persian: کیومرث) is the Modern Persian form of the name ''Gayō Marətan'' (or ''Gayōmard'' or ''Gayōmart'', in later Zoroastrian texts) the Avestan name of the mythological First Man in world. The corresponding name in Middle Persian is ''Kayōmart''. In Ferdowsi's ''Shahnameh'' he appears as the first shāh of the world. He is also called the ''pishdād'' (پيشداد) thus the first man who practiced justice, the lawgiver. The original Avestan name translates to "mortal life", from ''gaya'' "life" and ''marətan'' "mortal" (or "human"; cf. Persian ''mard'' "man"). The name literally means "The mortal alive being". Keyumars is also a popular first name in contemporary Iran. ==In Zoroastrian literature== According to the Zoroastrian creation myth, Gayōmart was the first human being or according to Avesta, he was the first person to worship Ahura Mazda. In the eighth book of Denkard, a reference is made to the Chethrdāt-nask which was one of the 21 Nasks of the Avesta. Apparently this part of Avesta dealt with how the world and mankind were created, including the creation of Gayōmart. References are also made to the Varshtmānsar-nask which also included information about Gayōmart which Ahura Mazda had given to Zoroaster: "For 30 centuries I kept the world from corruption and decay, when the 30th century came to an end the Dīvs assaulted Gayōmart ... But I finally repelled them and plunged them into the darkness ...". A concise story of Gayōmart according to pahlavi texts is given by Zabihollah Safa which follows: :"Gayōmart Gar-shāh (King of the Mountains) was the first human Uhrmazd created. Before Gayōmart came, in the fifth 'Gāh' (Ahura Mazda created the world in six Gāhs) Gavevagdāt was created from mud in Erān-vēdj(which was the middle of the earth) on the right side of the river 'Veh-Dāit' ... In the sixth 'Gāh' Gayōmart was created from mud ... on the left side of 'Veh-Dāit', to help Uhrmazd and he was created as a 15-year-old boy. They lived for 3000 years in peace and they did not pray, did not eat and did not talk but Gayōmart was thinking about this. At the end of the 3000 period, which Ahriman was stunned and could not do anything Jēh yelled which woke him up ... upon this, Ahriman and his minions the Dīvs fought with the light and in the first day of the spring (1st of Farvardin, the Iranian new year) leaped onto the earth as a dragon. He started to create death, illness, lust, thirst, hunger among the life forms and spread evil beings in the world (The 'Kyrm', which includes reptiles, insects and rodents) ... In the catastrophe Gavevagdāt died ( This is also the symbol of the last year giving way to the new year, as depicted in Persepolis reliefs). And Ahriman left 'Astovidat'(A Dīv) to guard Gayōmart, but could not kill him because his fate had not yet come ... From that time he lived for 30 years and upon death fell on his left side and his semen fell to the ground which was fertilized by the sun ... and after 40 years there grew mashya and Mashyana as two rhubarbs ..." 〔Hamase-sarâ’i dar Iran, Tehran 1945 (2000)〕 In Avesta Gayōmart is named as the pure, and righteous, and according to Zoroastrian tradition the genealogy of Zoroaster can be traced through 45 generations to him. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Keyumars」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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