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Khanhoo or Kanhu is a non-partnership Chinese card game of the draw-and-discard structure. It was first recorded during the late Ming dynasty as a multi-trick taking game,〔Lo, Andrew (2003) 'Pan Zhiheng's 'Xu Yezi Pu' (Sequel to a Manual of Leaves)- Part 1.' ''The Playing Card'': Journal of the International Playing-Card Society, 31 (5). pp. 221-229. 〕 a type of game that may be as old as ''T'ienkiu'' ("Heaven and Nines"),〔 Colección por fascículos - ''Juegos de Cartas,'' Ediciones Altaya, Barcelona (1997), in cooperation with Naipes Heraclio Fournier, Vitoria, Spain.〕 revised in its rules and published in an authorized edition by Emperor Kao Tsung in 1130 AD for the information of his subjects. Meaning "watch the pot", it is very possibly the ancestor of all rummy games.〔Sid Sackson, (''Card Games Around the World'' ), pg. 7, Dover publications (1994), ISBN 0-486-28100-0〕 Adapted to the western taste by Sir William Henry Wilkinson, British sinologist and Consul-General in China and Korea in the mid-1890s, it belongs to the same family as Mahjong and the mid-nineteenth century Mexican card game Conquian, whose name probably derives from the Chinese card game ''Kon Khin.'' Another related game is ''Kuwaho'' or ''Cuajo'' from the Philippines. ==History== During the Ming dynasty, the game was called 看虎 (Pinyin:"Kanhǔ") meaning "Watching the Tiger" or "Dǒuhǔ" (斗虎), "Competing with the Tiger". It was a multi-trick game where players try to take tricks with one or three cards with the latter composed of different types of melds. By the late Qing dynasty, the rules as recorded by Wilkinson and Stewart Culin had changed considerably.〔Berry, John (2003) 'Chinese Money-Suited Cards.' ''The Playing Card'': Journal of the International Playing-Card Society, 31 (5). pp. 230-235. 〕 The game was now called "Kanhú", "Watching the Lake" (看湖) or "Watching the Pot" (看壺). It was no longer a trick-taking game but a draw-and-discard game. However there were vestigial remnants in the composition of the melds. The changes may have occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries when trick-taking fell in favour of shedding type games like Mòhú (默和) and Pènghú(碰和) which are regarded as the ancestors to Mahjong.〔Lo, Andrew (2004) 'China's Passion for Pai: Playing Cards, Dominoes, and Mahjong.' In: Mackenzie, C. and Finkel, I., (eds.), Asian Games: The Art of Contest. New York: Asia Society, pp. 216-231. 〕 The various homonyms of ''hu'', whether they mean harmony, pots, or points is equivalent to "meld". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khanhoo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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