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Khirba
Khirba is an in modern Arabic mainly refers to a secondary or satellite village on the outskirts of an agricultural village, but has many different meanings from abandoned village, uncultivated land or land unsuited for cultivation or a ruin.〔Hebron region use the word in the sense of “small village,” and attach it to the name of the sites where they live.〔(''Means of Expulsion Violence, Harassment and Lawlessness against Palestinians in the Southern Hebron Hills,'' ) B'tselem, May 2005 p.9 n.3.〕 Khirba in the sense of a satellite village was an area used intermittently during the year, primarily during the plowing or harvest seasons.〔
Khirba is commonly used to refer also to "ruin" or "abandoned village", which is the meaning of ''Khurbat'', the parallel term in Hebrew.〔Shuli Hartman, ("Like water for the thirsty…" Renewable Energy Systems in Palestinian Communities in the South Hebron Hills ), November 2012, Comet Middle East. "Khirbeh: a small village or hamlet. This is the term applied to the small subsidiary villages of Yatta. Note that this word should not be confused with the similar sounding Hebrew word 'Khurba' meaning a ruin (ruins). Ruins are also found within the ''misfera''. A khirbeh might be located near such ruins. But just as well it might be located at a site where there are none."〕 In fact, the term refers to land that was uncultivated or unfit for cultivation, and thus of low value.〔
==History==
Hamlets known as khirba became widespread in Palestine in the early 20th century. They consisted of a few huts on outlying agricultural land that were inhabited on a seasonal basis. A "mother" village in the hills might have a "daughter" village in the plains.〔(Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900, Beshara Doumani )〕 From the 1920s onward, many of them developed into independent villages. In cases where the khirba was established very close to the main village, the khirba sometimes became a neighborhood within the village.〔
As a defense against Bedouin raids, many villagers in Ottoman Palestine built homes in the central hills and descended to the plains seasonally to sow crops and harvest them.〔(The Peasantry of Late Ottoman Palestine, James Reilly, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4 (Summer, 1981), pp. 82-97 )〕 The satellite villages they used at these times began to grow as the population drifted westward.〔(Politics in Palestine: Arab factionalism and social disintegration, 1939-1948 ) Issa Khalaf〕
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