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Khitan people
The Khitan people (; Old Turkic: 10px 10px10px10px;〔(Bilge kagan’s Memorial Complex, TÜRIK BITIG )〕 ''KITaYN''), or Khitai, Kitan, or Kidan, were a nomadic people originally from Mongolia and Manchuria (or Northeast China) from the 4th century that spoke a language distantly related to the Mongolic languages. As the Liao dynasty, they dominated a vast area north of and including parts of China, but left few relics that have survived until today.
After the fall of the Liao dynasty in 1125, many Khitans moved further west and established the Qara Khitai in Central Asia, which was finally destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1218.
==Etymology==
There is no consensus on the etymology of the name of Khitan. There are basically three speculations. Feng Jiasheng argues that it comes from the Yuwen chieftains' names.〔Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.7.〕 Zhao Zhenji thinks that the term originated from Xianbei and means "a place where Xianbei had resided".〔Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.8.〕 Japanese scholar Otagi Matsuo considers Khitan's original name is "Xidan", which means "the people who are similar to the Xi people" or "the people who inhabit among the Xi people".〔Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.8–9.〕
Various forms of the word "Khitan" survive in the many languages as the name of China.〔http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/vk/xu/historic.pdf pages 1-2.〕 Examples: Bulgarian and Russian word for China (Китай, ''Kitay'') as well as in the Slovene language (''Kitajska'') and in archaic English and French (Cathay), Italian (''Catai''), Portuguese (''Catai''), Spanish (''Catay'') and Mongolian (Хятад, ''Qitad'') appellations of the country. The use of the name Khitai to mean China or Chinese in such Turkic languages as Uyghur is considered pejorative by the Han Chinese, and Chinese authorities have tried to ban it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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