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Khokarsa
Khokarsa is a fictional empire in ancient Africa that serves as the primary setting for Philip José Farmer’s prehistoric fantasy novels ''Hadon of Ancient Opar'', ''Flight to Opar'', and ''The Song of Kwasin'' (the Khokarsa series).
==Literary Origins==
Farmer has stated that he derived Khokarsa from Ambrose Bierce's short story "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1891), in which the narrator's spirit visits an ancient fallen civilization. Over time, Farmer states, the syllables of the name "Khokarsa" were transposed so that the civilization eventually became known as "Carcosa."〔Farmer, Philip José, "A Letter from Philip José Farmer" in ''Heritage of the Flaming God'', Alan Hanson and Michael Winger, eds., Spokane, Washington: Waziri Publications, pages 87–88.〕 An examination of Farmer's notes relating to the Khokarsa series has indicated that he also drew on classical sources to create his fictional civilization, such as Robert Graves' ''The White Goddess'' (which inspired the matriarchal basis of Khokarsan culture), Jessie L. Weston's classic Arthurian study ''From Ritual to Romance'' (whose "freeing of the waters" theme influenced Farmer's conception of the downfall of Khokarsan civilization), and the plays of Euripides (Farmer drew his depiction of the Khokarsan oracles directly from Euripides' description of the Oracle of Delphi).〔Carey, Christopher Paul, "The Archaeology of Khokarsa" in ''Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer'', no. 9, July 2007, Paul Spiteri, ed., pages 2–7.〕
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