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Khufu
Khufu ( ), originally Khnum-Khufu ( ), is the birth name of a Fourth Dynasty ancient Egyptian pharaoh, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). Khufu was the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty; he followed his possible father, king Sneferu, on the throne. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are rather poorly documented.〔〔
Khufu is well known under his Hellenized name Khêops or Cheops (, ; (ギリシア語:Χέοψ), by Diodorus and Herodotus) and less well known under another Hellenized name, Súphis ( ; (ギリシア語:Σοῦφις), by Manetho).〔〔Aidan Dodson: ''Monarchs of the Nile''. American Univ in Cairo Press, 2000, ISBN 977-424-600-4, page 29–34.〕 A rare version of the name of Khufu, used by Josephus, is Sofe ( ; (ギリシア語:Σοφε)).〔Flavius Josephus, Folker Siegert: ''Über Die Ursprünglichkeit des Judentums (Contra Apionem)'' (=''Über die Ursprünglichkeit des Judentums'', Volume 1, Flavius Josephus. From: ''Schriften Des Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum, Westfalen Institutum Iudaicum Delitzschianum Münster)''. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 3-525-54206-2, page 85.〕 Arab historians, who wrote mystic stories about Khufu and the Giza pyramids, called him Saurid or Salhuk.〔Gerald Massey: ''The natural genesis, or, second part of A book of the beginnings: containing an attempt to recover and reconstitute the lost origins of the myths and mysteries, types and symbols, religion and language, with Egypt for the mouthpiece and Africa as the birthplace'', vol. 1. Black Classic Press, 1998, ISBN 1574780107, p.224-228.〕
The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of later period at Abydos in 1903. All other reliefs and statues were found in fragments and many buildings of Khufu are lost. Everything known about Khufu comes from inscriptions in his necropolis at Giza and later documents. For example, Khufu is the main actor of the famous Papyrus Westcar from the 13th dynasty.〔〔
Most documents that mention king Khufu were written by ancient Egyptian and Greek historians around 300 BC. Khufu's obituary is presented there in a conflicting way: While the king enjoyed a long lasting cultural heritage preservation during the period of the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom, the ancient historians Manetho, Diodorus and Herodotus hand down a very negative depiction of Khufu's character. Thanks to these documents, an obscure and critical picture of Khufu's personality persists.〔〔
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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