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Kharijites (Collective plural ; multiple plural: ; singular ; literally "those who went out")〔("Schisms and Heterodoxy among the Muslims", hosted on irfi.org )| Javeed Akhter〕 were a sect in early Islam that broke into revolt against the authority of Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib after he agreed to arbitration with his rival Mu'awiyah to decide the succession to the Caliphate following the Battle of Siffin (657). Khawarij held that "judgement belongs to God alone", and that God would decide succession by determining the victor in battle, whereas arbitration would be decided by men.〔 They believed that all Muslims, rich or poor, had the same rights, and that any Muslim (not just a Quraysh or even Arab) could be the leader of the community (imam) if they are morally irreproachable, but that if the leader sinned, it was the duty of Muslims to oppose and depose him.〔〔 The Kharijites developed extreme doctrines that further set them apart from both mainstream Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims. They were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to Takfir. A Khariji later assassinated Ali, and for hundreds of years the Khawarij were a source of insurrection against the Caliphate.〔 They survive today in small numbers in more moderate forms. Their name come from the fact that they left or "seceded" from Ali's army. They did not call themselves Khawarij, but the ''Shurah'', (), literally meaning "the buyers" and understood within the context of Islamic scripture () and philosophy to mean "those who have traded the mortal life (al-Dunya) for the other life (God ) (al-Aakhirah)".〔 ==Etymology== The name "Khawarij" comes from the Arabic root (K-R-J), which has the primary meaning “to go out”,〔Hassanein, Ahmed Taher; Abdou, Kamar; Abo El Seoud, Dalal. ''The Concise Arabic-English Lexicon of Verbs in Context'' (New rev'd & expnded ed. n). New York: The American University in Cairo Press (2011). p105.〕〔''Google Translate''. Retrieved 5 July 2015. https://translate.google.co.uk/#ar/en/خرج〕 as in the basic word (''kharaju''), meaning "to go out", "to walk out", "to come out" etc.〔Wehr, Hans; and Cowen JM (Ed). ''The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English)'', 4th Ed.n. Urbana, IL: Spoken Language Services. ISBN 978-0-87950-003-0. p 269〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khawarij」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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