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Kibbutz
A kibbutz ( / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural ''kibbutzim'') is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania.〔("Adult children of the dream", ''The Jerusalem Post'' )〕 Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises.〔Peres, Judy. (''In 50 years, kibbutz movement has undergone many changes.'' ) ''Chicago Tribune'', 9 May 1998.〕 Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a ''kibbutznik'' ().
In 2010, there were 270 kibbutzim in Israel. Their factories and farms account for 9% of Israel's industrial output, worth US$8 billion, and 40% of its agricultural output, worth over $1.7 billion.〔(Kibbutz reinvents itself after 100 years of history )〕 Some Kibbutzim had also developed substantial high-tech and military industries. For example, in 2010, Kibbutz Sasa, containing some 200 members, generated $850 million in annual revenue from its military-plastics industry.〔(Bulletproof Innovation: Kibbutz-Owned Plasan Sasa's Ikea-Style, Flat-Pack Armor Kits ) By Nadav Shemer, ''Fast Company'',〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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