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Kindah
Kindah (in Arabic: كندة) is the name of an Arab kingdom by the Kindah tribe, the tribe's existence dates back to the second century BCE.〔 D. H. Müller, Al-Hamdani, 53, 124, W. Caskel, Entdeckungen In Arabien, Koln, 1954, S. 9. Mahram, P.318〕 The Kindites established a kingdom in Najd in central Arabia unlike the organized states of Yemen; its kings exercised an influence over a number of associated tribes more by personal prestige than by coercive settled authority. Their first capital was Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil, today known as Qaryat al-Fāw.〔(History of Arabia – Kindah ). ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 February 2012.〕
The Kindites were polytheistic until the 6th century CE, with evidence of rituals dedicated to the idols Athtar and Kāhil found in their ancient capital in south-central Arabia (present day Saudi Arabia). It is not clear whether they converted to Judaism or remained pagan, but there is a strong archaeological evidence that they were among the tribes in Dhū Nuwās' forces during the Jewish king's attempt to suppress Christianity in Yemen.〔Le Museon, 3-4, 1953, P.296, Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies, University Of London, Vol., Xvi, Part: 3, 1954, P.434, Ryckmans 508〕 They converted to Islam in mid 7th century CE and played a crucial role during the Arab conquest of their surroundings, although some sub-tribes declared apostasy during the ''ridda'' after the death of Muḥammad.
==Origin==
Ancient South Arabian inscriptions mention a tribe settling in Najd called ''kdt'', who had a king called ''rbˁt'' (Rabi’ah) from ''ḏw ṯwr-m'' (the people of Thawr), who had sworn allegiance to the king of Saba’ and Dhū Raydān.〔Jamme 635. See: Jawād 'Alī: Al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, Part 39.〕 Since later Arab genealogists trace Kindah back to a person called Thawr ibn ‘Uqayr, modern historians have concluded that this ''rbˁt ḏw ṯwrm'' (Rabī’ah of the People of Thawr) must have been a king of Kindah (''kdt''); the Musnad inscriptions mention that he was king both of ''kdt'' (Kindah) and ''qhtn'' (Qaḥṭān). They played a major role in the Himyarite-Ḥaḑramite war. Following the Himyarite victory, a branch of Kindah established themselves in the Marib region, while the majority of Kindah remained in their lands in central Arabia.
The first Classical author to mention Kindah was the Byzantine ambassador Nonnosos, who was sent by the Emperor Justinian I to the area in the middle of the 6th century. He refers to the people in Greek as ''Khindynoi'' (, Arabic Kindah), and mentions that they and the tribe of ''Maadynoi'' (, Arabic: ''Ma'ad'') were the two most important tribes in the area in terms of territory and number. He calls the king of Kindah ''Kaïsos'' (Κάισος, Arabic: ''Qays''), the nephew of ''Arethas'' (, Arabic: ''Ḥārith'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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