|
Kinescope , shortened to kine , also known as telerecording in Britain, is a recording of a television program made by filming the picture from a video monitor. Typically, the term can refer to the process itself, the equipment used for the procedure (a 16 mm or 35 mm movie camera mounted in front of a video monitor, and synchronized to the monitor's scanning rate), or a film made using the process. Kinescopes were the only practical way to preserve live television broadcasts prior to the introduction of videotape in 1956. A small number of theatrically released feature films have also been produced as kinescopes. The term originally referred to the cathode ray tube used in television receivers, as named by inventor Vladimir K. Zworykin in 1929.〔Albert Abramson, ''Zworykin, Pioneer of Television'', University of Illinois Press, 1995, p. 84. ISBN 0-252-02104-5.〕 Hence, the recordings were known in full as kinescope films or kinescope recordings.〔(Popular Mechanics ) April 1953 Page 227〕〔(www.cbsnews.com ) September 24, 2010; paragraph 4; Retrieved October 29, 2015〕〔(Audio Engineering Society, Inc. ) Retrieved October 29, 2015〕 RCA was granted a trademark for the term (for its cathode ray tube) in 1932; it voluntarily released the term to the public domain in 1950.〔"RCA Surrenders Rights to Four Trade-Marks," Radio Age, October 1950, p. 21.〕 == History == The General Electric laboratories in Schenectady, New York experimented with making still and motion picture records of television images in 1931.〔"Schenectady-to-Leipzig Television a Success; Movie Also Made of Images Sent by Radio", ''The New York Times'', Feb. 13, 1931, p. 15.〕 There is some evidence to suggest that the BBC experimented with filming the output of the television monitor before its television service was suspended in 1939 due to the outbreak of World War II. BBC executive Cecil Madden later recalled filming a production of ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' in this way, only for film director Alexander Korda to order the burning of the negative as he owned the film rights to the book, which he felt had been infringed. However, the evidence for this is purely anecdotal, and indeed there is no written record of any BBC Television production of ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' during the 1936–1939 period. Some of the surviving live transmissions of the Nazi German television station Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow, dating as far back as the 1930s, were recorded by pointing a 35mm camera to a receiver's screen, although most surviving Nazi live television programs such as the 1936 Summer Olympics (not to confuse with the cinematic footage made during the same event by Leni Riefenstahl for her film ''Olympia''), a number of Nuremberg Rallies, or official state visits (such as Benito Mussolini's) were shot directly on 35mm instead and transmitted over the air as a television signal, with only a two minutes' delay from the original event, by means of the so-called ''Zwischenfilmverfahren'' (see intermediate film system) from an early outside broadcast van on the site. According to a 1949 film produced by RCA, silent films had been made of early experimental telecasts during the 1930s. The films were shot off television monitors at a speed of eight frames per second, resulting in somewhat jerky reproductions of the images. By the mid-1940s, RCA and NBC were refining the filming process and including sound; the images were less jerky but still somewhat fuzzy.〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC-g-eB6Rjs 〕 By early 1946, television cameras were being attached to American guided missiles to aid in their remote steering.〔James L. H. Peck, "(Doom on the Wing )", ''Popular Science'', February 1946, p. 84, 86.〕〔(Transatlantic Roller Coaster Designed to Bomb U.S.A. ), ''Popular Science'', October 1947, p. 111.〕 Films were made of the television images they transmitted for further evaluation of the target and the missile's performance.〔Albert Abramson, ''The History of Television, 1942 to 2000'', McFarland, 2003, p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7864-1220-4.〕 The first known surviving example of the telerecording process in Britain is from October 1947, showing the singer Adelaide Hall performing at the RadiOlympia event. From the following month, the wedding of Princess Elizabeth to Prince Philip also survives, as do various early 1950s productions such as ''It is Midnight, Dr Schweitzer'', ''The Lady from the Sea'' and the opening two episodes of ''The Quatermass Experiment'', although in varying degrees of quality. A complete 7-hour set of telerecordings of Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 coronation also exists. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kinescope」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|