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|today = }} The Kingdom of Croatia ((ラテン語:Regnum Croatiae); (クロアチア語:Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo)) was a medieval kingdom in the Central Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia (without most of Istria and some Dalmatian coastal cities), as well as parts of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Kingdom existed as a sovereign state for nearly two centuries. Its existence was characterized by various conflicts and periods of peace or alliance with the Bulgarians, Byzantines, Hungarians, and competition with Venice for control over the eastern Adriatic coast. The goal of promoting the Slavic language in the religious service was initially brought and introduced by the 10th century bishop Gregory of Nin, which resulted in a conflict with the Pope, later to be put down by him.〔 ( Hrvatski glagoljizam i stradanje dalmatinskih gradova )〕 In the second half of the 11th century Croatia managed to secure most coastal cities of Dalmatia with the collapse of Byzantine control over them. During this time the kingdom reached its peak under the rule of kings Peter Krešimir IV (1058-1074) and Demetrius Zvonimir (1075-1089). The state was ruled mostly by the Trpimirović dynasty until 1091. At that point the realm experienced a succession crisis and after a decade of conflicts for the throne and the aftermath of the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, the crown passed to the Árpád dynasty with the coronation of King Coloman of Hungary as "King of Croatia and Dalmatia" in Biograd in 1102, uniting the two kingdoms under one crown.〔Larousse online encyclopedia, (''Histoire de la Croatie'': ) "Liée désormais à la Hongrie par une union personnelle, la Croatie, pendant huit siècles, formera sous la couronne de saint Étienne un royaume particulier ayant son ban et sa diète." 〕〔Clifford J. Rogers: (The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology ), Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 293〕〔(Kristó Gyula: A magyar–horvát perszonálunió kialakulása [The formation of Croatian-Hungarian personal union] )(in Hungarian)〕 The precise terms of the relationship between the two realms became a matter of dispute in the 19th century. The nature of the relationship varied through time, Croatia retained a large degree of internal autonomy overall, while the real power rested in the hands of the local nobility.〔〔John Van Antwerp Fine: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, 1991, p. 288〕 Modern Croatian and Hungarian historiographies mostly view the relations between Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary from 1102 as a form of a personal union, i.e. that they were connected by a common king.〔Barna Mezey: Magyar alkotmánytörténet, Budapest, 1995, p. 66〕 == Name == The first official name of the country was "Kingdom of the Croats" ((ラテン語:Regnum Croatorum); (クロアチア語:Kraljevstvo Hrvata)),〔Ferdo Šišić: (Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara ), p. 651〕 but over the course of time the name "Kingdom of Croatia" (''Regnum Croatiae'';〔(''Monumenta spectantia historiam Slavorum meridionalium'', Edidit Academia Scienciarum et Artium Slavorum Meridionalium ) vol VIII, Zagreb, 1877, p. 199〕 ''Kraljevina Hrvatska'') prevailed in use.〔 From 1060, when Peter Krešimir IV gained control over coastal cities of the Theme of Dalmatia, earlier under the Byzantine Empire, the official and diplomatic name of the kingdom was "Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia" (''Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae''; ''Kraljevina Hrvatska i Dalmacija''). Such form of the name lasted until the death of King Stephen II in 1091.〔Lujo Margetić: (Hrvatska i Crkva u srednjem vijeku, Pravnopovijesne i povijesne studije ), Rijeka, 2000, p. 88-92〕〔Lujo Margetić: (Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae u doba Stjepana II. ), p. 19〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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