|
''Kingia'' is a genus consisting of a single species, ''Kingia australis'', and belongs to the plant family Dasypogonaceae,. It has a thick pseudo-trunk consisting of accumulated leaf-bases, with a cluster of long, slender leaves on top. The trunk is usually unbranched, but can branch if the growing tip is damaged. Flowers occur in egg-shaped clusters on the ends of up to 100 long curved stems. ''Kingia'' grows extremely slowly, the trunk increasing in height by about 1½ centimetres per year. It can live for centuries, however, so can attain a substantial height; 400-year-old plants with a height of six metres are not unusual. When not flowering, ''Kingia australis'' bear a superficial similarity to species of the genus ''Xanthorrhoea'', some of which bear the common name "blackboy" because of their purported similarity to an Aboriginal boy holding an upright spear. However, the flower stalks of ''Kingia australis'' are completely different from that of ''Xanthorrhoea'' species. Because of this, ''Kingia australis'' was for many years thought to be a female form of the blackboy and was commonly named black gin, a derogatory term for an Aboriginal woman *. This remains a widely known common name, but is considered inappropriate and belonging to the past. The genus name ''Kingia'' or the Aboriginal name bullanock are now preferred. * The Noongar name for a woman is "yorga". ''"Gin" is a shortened from of "Aborigine". Both these latter English language words are now considered offensive and racist.'' ''Kingia'' and ''Xanthorrhoea'' are biologically quite distinct and are not closely related. For example, ''Xanthorrhoea'' have a secondary thickening meristem in the trunk (Dracaenoid secondary thickening meristem), whereas ''Kingia'' lack this feature. ==Taxonomic history== Specimens of ''Kingia australis'' were first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in 1801. The plant featured in the drawing ''View of the south side of King George's Sound'' by expedition artist William Westall, which was later published as a plate in Matthew Flinders' 1810 ''A Voyage to Terra Australis''; this is the first known image of the plant. ''A Voyage to Terra Australia'' also contained the first textual reference to this species: in the botanical index, Brown writes: "A plant of a very similar habit to ''Xanthorrhoea'', agreeing with it in its caudex and leaves, having, however, a very different inflorescence, was observed abundantly at King George's Sound, but with fructification so decayed and imperfect that I have not been able to determine the structure either of its flower or fruit." Because of the state of decay of the fruit, Brown initially did not publish a name for the species. In 1823, however, William Baxter collected ripe fruit and seeds, specimens of which were passed to Brown. Based on these specimens, Brown published it in its own genus in his ''Character and description of Kingia'', which first appeared as the botanical appendix to King's 1827 ''Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia performed between the years 1818 and 1822''. The genus name was chosen to honour both King and his father Philip Gidley King, who was Governor of New South Wales during Brown's voyage under Flinders. The species epithet ''australis'' is Latin for "southern". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|