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The Kiowas are a tribe of Native Americans. They migrated from western Montana southward into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries,〔Pritzker 326〕 and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century.〔Kracht, Benjamin R. ("Kiowa" ). ''Oklahoma History Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' Retrieved 21 June 2012.〕 In 1867, the Kiowa moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Today they are federally recognized as Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma with headquarters in Carnegie, Oklahoma.〔 The Kiowa language (Cáuijògà) is still spoken today and is part of the Tanoan language family.〔("Kiowa Tanoan" ). ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 21 June 2012.〕 , there are 12,000 members.〔 ==Name== Kiowa call themselves Ka'igwu, Cáuigù〔(Kiowa dictionary )〕 or Gaigwu, most given with the meaning "Principal People".〔 The first part of the name is the element ''Kae-, Cáui-'' or ''Gai-'' which means the Kiowa themselves - it may derive from the word ''ka' '' (mother) or from ''ka-a' '' (a type of spear with feathers along its length). The true origin is lost. ''Kae-kia'' means a Kiowa man; ''Kae-ma'' is a Kiowa woman. The second element ''-gua'' refers to "men or people",〔(LIVING KIOWA SURVIVAL DICTIONARY )〕 so the meaning of the two elements is "Kiowa people"; to express "Principal People" (sometimes "Chief People") or "genuine, real or true People" in Kiowa is to add the ending ''-hin''. Ancient names were Kútjàu or Kwu-da (′Emerging / Coming Out ()′) and Tep-da, relating to the myth pulling or coming out of a hollow log until a pregnant woman got stuck. Later, they called themselves ''Kom-pa-bianta'' for "people with large tipi flaps", before they met Southern Plains tribes or before they met white men. Another explanation of their name "Kiowa" originated after their migration through what the Kiowa refer to as "The Mountains of the Kiowa" (Kaui-kope) in the present eastern edge of Glacier National Park, Montana, just south of the border with Canada. The mountain pass they came through was populated heavily by grizzly bear ''Kgyi-yo'' and Blackfoot people. Other tribes who encountered the Kiowa used sign language to describe them by holding two straight fingers near the lower outside edge of the eye and moving these fingers back past the ear. This corresponded to the ancient Kiowa hairstyle cut horizontally from the lower outside edge of the eyes to the back of their ears. This was a functional practice to keep their hair from getting tangled as an arrow was let loose from a bow string. George Catlin painted Kiowa warriors with this hairstyle. For a time, the Kiowa are thought to have shared land, mostly in present-day eastern Colorado, with the Arapaho. An Arapaho name for the Kiowa is "creek people", and the Arapaho word for "creek" is ''koh'owu','' which when pronounced carefully has some resemblance to the current name "Kiowa". For example, the Kiowa are referred to as "creek people" in an oral narrative recited in 1993 by native Arapaho speaker Paul Moss.〔Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss, Sr., eds. and trans.: "Arapaho Historical Traditions", (Winnipeg, 2003: University of Manitoba Press), pp. 194-195. The stories in this volume are bilingual in Arapaho and English.〕 Thus, it is possible "Kiowa" may have come from a name by which the tribe was known among the Arapaho. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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