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Kirchnerism (Spanish: ''kirchnerismo'') is an Argentinian political philosophy of the supporters of the late Néstor Kirchner, president of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, and of his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, president from 2007 until 2015. Although the Kirchners are members of the Justicialist Party (the original, official and largest Peronist party, founded by Juan Perón in 1947), Peronism itself is a broad movement, and many Peronists oppose them ("Anti-Kirchnerist Peronism"). Kircherism is generally considered to fall into the category of left-wing populism. On the other hand, Kirchnerism, although originally a faction in the Justicialist Party, later received support from other smaller Argentine political parties (like the Communist Party or the Humanist Party), and from factions of some traditional parties (like the Radical Civic Union and the Socialist Party). In parties which are divided along Kirchnerist/Anti-Kirchnerist lines, the members of the Kirchnerist faction are often distinguished with the letter K (for instance "peronistas/justicialistas K", "radicales K" or "socialistas K"), while the factions opposing kirchnerism are similarly labeled with the expression Anti-K. In response to the rise of Kirchnerism, the term "Anti-Kirchnerism" has arisen to describe those sectors and persons, as much within as without Peronism, who opposed the governments of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández. ==Characteristics== Both Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner come from the left wing of Peronism, and both began their political careers as members of the Peronist Youth (''Juventud Peronista''). Many of the Kirchners' closest allies belong to the Peronist left. Antikirchnerists often criticize this ideological background with the term ''setentista'' ("seventies-ist"), suggesting that Kirchnerism is overly influenced by the populist struggle of the 1970s. *Kirchnerism has shown itself to be concerned with the defense of human rights, particularly in prosecuting those who committed human rights violations during the Dirty War and were later made immune from prosecution by the governments of Carlos Menem (1989–1999). The willingness of the Kirchner government to revoke these immunities has led many Argentine human rights organizations, such as the Madres de Plaza de Mayo and Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo to take an actively Kirchnerist position.〔(''Reencuentro de Carlotto y Bonafini. Las titulares de las Abuelas y Madres de Plaza de Mayo fueron reunidas por Kirchner'', Clarín 26 de mayo de 2006 )〕 This has led to many controversies and to allegations that the Kirchners were never fully committed to human rights, especially during the period of the last military dictatorship, and that it was only when Néstor Kirchner became president and began to make alliances with the left-wing parties in Congress and with the Madres de Plaza de Mayo that he started to campaign about these rights in order to promote his own platform and gain popular favor. It is documented nevertheless that the Kirchners did push for trial against human rights violators during the dictatorship, although late in that period, in 1983, when its end was already in sight.〔("Nestor Kirchner pide juicio a las Juntas Militares en 1983" - Video in Spanish )〕 *Kirchnerism has shown itself to be expressly opposed to neoliberal policies. However, while governor of the province of Santa Cruz, Kirchner publicly supported neoliberal president Carlos Menem, endorsing the sale of oil exploration and production company YPF to Repsol, and going as far as claiming that "since the times of that great General (Perón) there hasn't been a president that has listened so much to the southern Patagonia and Santa Cruz in particular."〔("Kirchner: 'Menem el mejor presidente desde Perón". - Video in Spanish )〕 *Economically, Kirchnerism has pursued an economic policy of industrialist developmentalism. They don't allow importation of goods that are produced in Argentina to protect local industry and employment. *Kirchnerism has strongly opposed multilateral and bilateral free trade agreements pursued by the United States. The climax of this policy occurred with the confrontation between Kirchner and George W. Bush at the Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas in 2005, which resulted in Argentina's refusal to sign the FTAA agreement.〔(''Bush y el ALCA sufrieron duro traspié en Mar del Plata'', Voltaire net, 2005 )〕 *Internationally, Kirchnerism has strongly supported Mercosur and vice versa, to the point that the president of Mercosur, Carlos Álvarez, is a Kirchnerist. *One of the most prominent positions of Kirchnerism is to strengthen Argentine relations with the countries of Latin America and to establish a South American economic axis. Recent economic measures posited by Cristina Fernández's government have, nevertheless, hurt Argentina's relationship with these countries, mainly Brazil 〔("Brasil intimó a Cristina: 'Tienen que desaparecer las barreras'" - Article in Spanish )〕 and Uruguay, whose president José "Pepe" Mujica expressed worries regarding Argentina going towards an "autarchist" form of government, and the Kirchnerist economic model "complicating relationships and multiplying difficulties" in bilateral commerce.〔("José Mujica acusó a la Argentina de tener un proyecto 'autárquico' de país" - Article in Spanish )〕 *Kirchnerism, in particular former minister of health Ginés González García, has shown a markedly progressive attitude to birth control and sexuality, including the legalization of same-sex marriage, all of which has provoked the opposition of the Catholic Church and other conservative sectors.〔(''Ginés García legalizaría el aborto'', La Nación, 15 de febrero de 2005 )〕 However, these types of legislation have been stopped as of late, which the media speculate is related to now Pope Francis, Jorge Bergoglio, having opposed such laws during his time as Archbishop of Buenos Aires.〔("El 'efecto Francisco' traba en el avance de la Guía para Abortos" - Article in Spanish )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kirchnerism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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