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Kita-in
is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Kawagoe in Saitama, Japan. It is noted for its main hall, which was part of the original Edo Castle, and the statues of 540 Rakan, disciples of the Buddha.
== Origins and history ==
Kita-in is believed to have been founded in 830 by monk Ennin with the name , Muryōju being another name for Amitabha Buddha, the main object of worship.〔Kita-in English pamphlet〕 The Tendai temple was then divided in three parts called , and .〔〔The suffix is normally used for minor temples or subtemples.〕 Naka-in is now a separate temple, and of Minami-in there remains only a cemetery.
Burned down during a war in 1202, it was rebuilt in 1296 and nominated head temple of the Tendai sect in 1300 by Emperor Go-fushimi. It achieved its greatest fame and influence under the priest Tenkai who was patronized by the first three Tokugawa shoguns Ieyasu, Hidetada, and Iemitsu. Such was Tenkai's influence that when Kita-in burned in 1638, Iemitsu transferred part of Edo Castle to Kita-in. Because the castle burned during the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, Kita-in contains the only extant structures from the original Edo Castle. These structures contain the reception rooms, study, kitchen, toilet and bathroom that Iemitsu used, as well as the actual room where Iemitsu is believed to be born in. Also contained is the dressing room used by his wet-nurse Kasuga no Tsubone who became mistress of the inner palace of Edo Castle.〔Moriyama, p. 40〕 It was at that time that Kita-in replaced Naka-in as the most influential of the three temples. In the same period, the Chinese character in its name was replaced with the present ones, to mean great happiness.〔
What is today Ueno's Kan'ei-ji main hall was taken from Kita-in and transferred to the site of a former Kan'ei-ji subtemple.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://tokyo-tokyo.com/Ueno.htm )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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