|
Kiva Microfunds (commonly known by its domain name, Kiva.org) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What kind of organization is Kiva? )〕 that allows people to lend money via the Internet to low-income / underserved entrepreneurs and students in 82 countries. Kiva's mission is “to connect people through lending to alleviate poverty.” Since 2005, Kiva has crowd-funded more than 1 million loans, totaling more than a half a billion dollars, at a repayment rate of 99 percent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Terry )〕 As of November 2013, Kiva was raising about $1 million every three days.〔 The Kiva platform has attracted a community of more than 1 million lenders from around the world. Kiva operates two models—Kiva.org and KivaZip.org. The former model relies on a network of field partners to administer the loans on the ground.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Kiva.org )〕 These field partners can be microfinance institutions, social businesses, schools or non-profit organizations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Kiva.org )〕 KivaZip.org facilitates loans at 0% directly to entrepreneurs via mobile payments and PayPal. In both Kiva.org and KivaZip.org, Kiva includes personal stories of each person who needs a loan because they want their lenders to connect with their entrepreneurs on a human level. Kiva itself does not collect any interest on the loans it facilitates and Kiva lenders do not make interest on loans. Kiva is purely supported by grants, loans, and donations from its users, corporations, and national institutions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Supporters )〕 Kiva is headquartered in San Francisco, California. == Lending process == Kiva allows microfinance institutions, social businesses, schools and non-profit organizations around the world, called "Field Partners", to post profiles of qualified local entrepreneurs on its website. Lenders browse and choose an entrepreneur they wish to fund. The lenders transfer their funds to Kiva through PayPal, which waives its transaction fee in these cases.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=When I pay through PayPal, is PayPal taking a fee? )〕 It is possible to pay by credit card through PayPal's website, even without a PayPal account, but a PayPal account is needed to withdraw funds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kiva FAQ: Do I have to use PayPal? )〕 After receiving a user's money, Kiva aggregates loan capital from individual lenders and transfers it to the appropriate Field Partners, who then disburse the loan to the entrepreneur chosen by the lender. Even though Kiva itself does not charge interest on the loans, the Field Partners charge relatively high interest rates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Do Kiva.org’s Field Partners charge interest to the borrowers? )〕 Interest is typically higher on loans from microfinance institutions in developing countries than interest rates on larger loans in developed countries because of the administrative costs of overseeing many tiny loans, and the increased risk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.microworld.org/en/news-from-the-field/article/why-are-microcredit-interest-rates-higher-traditional-interest-rates )〕 As the entrepreneurs repay their loans with interest, the Field Partners remit funds back to Kiva. As the loan is repaid, the Kiva lenders can withdraw their principal or re-lend it to another entrepreneur. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiva (organization)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|