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Klana is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. ==History== The name Klana〔(A Short History of Klana ) (Croatian)〕 was first mentioned in 1235 AD in a record (located in the Roman library) of a visit of bishops from Pula. Due to its geographical position at a crossroads from north to south and from east to west, as well as its forests rich in wildlife and fresh water springs, the area was suitable for settlement even in ancient times. Indications of such settlement traces back to around the 6th or 5th century BC. The Croatians settled in the Istrian peninsula as well as the area around Klana in the 7th century and early on accepted Christianity. Mass was conducted in the Old Slavonic language and writing was done in Glagolitic with evidence in the Vatican archives of mass in Old Slavonic taking place in the 13th century in the Holy Trinity church of the castle overlooking the town. Additional evidence of Glagolitic writing is in the form of an inscription from 1439 AD placed over the door to the sacristy of the parish church of St. Jerome. Johann Weikhard von Valvasor writes of the celebration of Holy Mass in Old Slavonic in the 17th century. In the Middle Ages, Klana was an important trading center and incorporated turnpike with postal service coordinated between Kranj and Rijeka. During that time, Klana and the whole of Europe were constantly threatened by the Ottoman Turks who repeatedly raided the region. However, on February 2, 1559, the Ottoman Turks under the leadership of Malkoč Beg experienced a heavy defeat. Over many centuries, Klana was the seat of several aristocratic families including the Devin and Walsee families. From the 15th century until 1918, with a short-lived reign of Napoleon of France, power was stabilized under the Austrian Habsburgs, who gave rule over Klana as a gift to various Lords. In 1843, Klana began operating a public school and the first known teacher was Joseph Corsiga. After the abolition of serfdom in 1848, Klanans purchased from Baron Andrije Negovetić his portion of land in 1861, including the right (which expired at the beginning of the 20th century) to elect a mayor. 1852 saw the birth of Matko Laginja, a national revivalist of Istria and in 1920 a Croatian "Ban", the greatest native son of this region. Klana was hit by a devastating earthquake in 1870 that destroyed most of the houses, but fortunately there were no casualties. In that same year, a post office was established and in 1882 gas lamps were introduced. At the beginning of the 20th century, Klana, despite the loss of importance gained in the past century, was still developing. Thus, in 1908, the post office received a telegraph station, 1911 saw the merchant Anton Medvedić establish a sawmill, and in 1913 Klana received its first aqueduct. Also at that time a reading room, library and tamburitza club were established. Then World War One emerged. In the whirlwind of war, Klanans, like their neighbors, fought on battlefields across Europe. With the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Klana became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but almost simultaneously it was occupied by Italy along with the surrounding villages. The Treaty of Rapallo two years later drew the border between Klana and Studena so that Studena remained a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes while Klana, Škalnica, Lisac and Breza were annexed to Italy. Klana soon became one of the largest border garrisons of the Kingdom of Italy, where there were stationed up to 10,000 Italian soldiers. Despite the high concentration of troops and attempt at denationalization, which immediately began various repressions and the introduction of the Italian language in school and other institutions, Klanans still preserved their national identity. One of the most stalwart guardians of the Croatian language was Pastor Ivan Koruza, who was in Klana from 1896 to 1942. In the mid 30s, many Klanans were forcibly mobilized and sent to the battlefield in Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Following Italy's capitulation and the decision of ZAVNOH (State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia) in 1943, Klana with Istra would rejoin the Croatian motherland, though two difficult years of war lay ahead. The Nazi Germans arrived in 1944 and reinforced the Rapallo border such that in April and May 1945, fierce fighting took place. Klana was finally liberated on May 5, 1945. After World War Two, Klana was an independent municipality from 1945 to 1953 and then a local community within the framework of the former Municipality of Rijeka. In Klana there is a sawmill and forestry service, a newly built school, firestation, community hall, restored churches and despite depopulation, is an area of urbanization. In 1991, during the War of Independence, many people from the area participated in the defense of the country. In 1993 in the new democratic country of Croatia, Klana again became a municipality united with Studena, Škalnica, Lisac and Breza, thus establishing the conditions for community development through a localized government. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Klana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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