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Kleinbahn
The term ''Kleinbahn'' (literally 'small railway', plural: ''Kleinbahnen'') was a light railway concept used especially in Prussia for a railway line that "on account of its low importance for general railway transport" had less strict requirements placed on its construction and operation that main lines (''Hauptbahnen'') or secondary lines (''Nebenbahnen'' i.e. normal branch lines). Even public railway lines built for constructional or industrial purposes were counted as ''Kleinbahnen''.
== Origin and use ==
The concept was defined in the Prussian ''Kleinbahn'' law of 28 July 1892, that was designed to encourage the construction of local railway lines by private companies. The word ''Kleinbahn'' was chosen by a majority of MPs in the Prussian parliament instead of a range of other options - ''Lokalbahn'' (local line), ''Bahn unterster Ordnung'' (line of the lowest order) or ''Bahn untergeordneter Bedeutung'' (line of secondary importance) - because it was neither a foreign word nor had negative overtones.
In several former German states such as (Mecklenburg, Oldenburg and Baden) the concept ''Kleinbahn'' was partially adopted for lines of limited length and light construction. In the other German-speaking states, the terms ''Lokalbahn'' (Baden, Bayern, Austria), ''Sekundärbahn'' (Saxony) or ''Vizinalbahn'' (Bayern) were preferred.
In everyday speech the term ''Kleinbahn'' is widely used as a synonym for narrow gauge lines or garden railways. Despite that, ''Kleinbahnen'' may be built in either as well as in narrow gauge.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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