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Kleptothermy
Kleptothermy is any form of thermoregulation by which an animal shares in the metabolic thermogenesis of another animal. It may or may not be reciprocal, and occurs in both endotherms and ectotherms. Its most common form is huddling.
==Huddling==
Some species of ectotherms including lizards〔Shah B, Shine R, Hudson S, Kearney M. (2003). Sociality in lizards: why do thick-tailed geckos (Nephrurus milii) aggregate? Behaviour 140, 1039–1052. 〕 and snakes, such as boa constrictors〔Myres BC, Eells MM. (1968). Thermal aggregation in Boa constrictor. Herpetologica 24, 61–66. 〕 and tiger snakes,〔Aubret F, Shine R. (2009). Causes and consequences of
aggregation by neonatal tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus, Elapidae). Aust. Ecol. 34, 210–217. 〕 increase their effective mass by clustering tightly together. It is also widespread amongst gregarious endotherms such as bats〔Arends A, Bonaccorso FJ, Genoud M. (1995). Basal rates of metabolism of nectarivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) from a semiarid thorn forest in Venezuela. J. Mammal. 76, 947–956. 〕 and birds (such as the mousebird and emperor penguin〔Ancel A, Visser H, Handrich Y, Masman D. Le Maho Y. (1997). Energy saving in huddling penguins. Nature 385, 304–305. 〕) where it allows the sharing of body heat (particularly among juveniles).
In at least one case this is not reciprocal, and might be accurately described as ''heat-stealing''. Some male Canadian red sided garter snakes engage in female mimicry by producing fake pheromones after emerging from hibernation. This causes rival males to cover them in a mistaken attempt to mate, and so transfer heat to them. This allows those males that mimic females to become more quickly revitalized after hibernation (which depends upon raising their body temperature), giving them an advantage in their own attempts to mate.〔Shine R, Phillips B, Waye H, LeMaster M, Mason RT. (2001). Benefits of female mimicry to snakes. Nature, 414, 267. 〕
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