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A knacker is a person in the trade of rendering animals that have died on farms or are unfit for human consumption, such as horses that can no longer work.〔(What is a Knackerman ) knackerman.com, undated (accessed 18 February 2007)〕 This leads to the slang expression "knackered" meaning very tired, or "ready for the knacker's yard", where old horses are slaughtered and the by-products are sent for rendering. A knacker's yard or knackery is different from a slaughterhouse, where animals are slaughtered for human consumption. In most countries, knackery premises are regulated by law. A horse carcass, rendered, had many uses. In the U.S., the meat could be used as food at a mink ranch, pig farm, fox farm, or greyhound race track, or in pet food. Bones were ground up for bone meal fertilizer. Hides were made into leather or, along with joints and hooves, processed to make glue for the furniture and book binding trades (hence the idea of old horses being sent to the glue factory). However, in modern usage, especially in Ireland, the word has come to describe both those from lower-class backgrounds who tend to engage in anti-social behaviour, as well as those of an Irish Traveller background. In this sense, the usage of the word "knacker" is akin to the usage of the term "chav" in England and ''ned'' in Scotland. Members of the travelling community in Ireland often live in what would ordinarily be considered temporary accommodation, such as roadside trailers or caravans. The word "knacker" was first used in 1812.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Knacker )〕 It is from the Scandinavian word represented by O.N. ''hnakkur'' saddle and ''hnakki'' "back of the neck".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Knacker )〕 ==Use of term== The term is in this literal sense in British English and Irish English, and gained some notoriety during the outbreak of mad cow disease (BSE) in the United Kingdom. The ''Slaughterhouses Act'' 1974, the ''Meat (Sterilisation and Staining) Regulations'' 1982, and the ''Food Act'' 1984 all define a "knacker's yard" as "any premises used in connection with the business of slaughtering, skinning or cutting up animals whose flesh is not intended for human consumption".〔(Food Act 1984 ), legislation.gov.uk〕 Knackery by-products are rendered under regulation into fats and meat and bone meal for incineration. Cattle hides may be recovered for leather production. The kinds of animal processing which can occur at knackeries are defined by law, for example, in Australia by the Commonwealth ''Meat Inspection Act'' 1983.〔(''Meat Inspection Act'' 1983 (Cth) )〕 In the EU the legislation covering knackeries is the REGULATION (EC) No 1069/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption.〔()〕 The trade of collecting and rendering is by its nature unpleasant and pungent. The trade and those who practice it were considered to be repellent in many societies, resulting in a social separation. This is so not only in Ireland or Britain, but also, for example, in Japan, where it is performed by ''burakumin'', and India, where it is performed by ''dalit''s. In the past this deterred people from entering the trade but in modern times knackeries have become profitable businesses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Knacker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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