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Knocktopher (historically ''Knocktofer'' and ''Knocktover''; )〔(Placenames Database of Ireland ) (see archival records)〕 is a village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is situated on the R713 road (former (N10 route, now bypassed by the nearby M9 between the villages of Stoneyford to the north, and Ballyhale to the south. It has two pubs, two shops, a petrol station, a three star hotel, a restaurant and a glass gallery. ==History== In 1312 it was listed as having four farmers holding between 5 and 74 acres of arable land, 45 free tenants holding from as much as 2,520 acres of arable land all the way down to a one-house plot. Ninety-seven burgesses held 360 acres of arable land, and there was a settlement of betaghs farming 120 acres of arable land.〔Medieval Ireland, An Encyclopedia〕 Knocktopher was home to a monastery, built in 1356 by James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond for the Carmelite friars. Following the implementation in Ireland of the dissolution of the monasteries in 1542, it was acquired by the Kingsland branch of the Barnewall family, later Viscount Barnewall. Its only remains are part of a residence built upon the site. The Carmelities returned to Knocktopher in 1735, where they remain to this day. We rely on the County Kilkenny Ireland History for earlier records of the story of Knocktopher, dating from the time of the Cambro-Norman invasion in the latter 12th century. They were also known as the Anglo-Normans, or Saxons, who came to Ireland from Wales after 1170. Their best known was Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, better known as "Strongbow." It begins with the story of the Barony of Knocktopher and its 1st Baron, said to be Griffin FitzWilliam, brother of Raymond le Gros known as Raymond FitzGerald. Gilbert fitz Griffin is cited as the 2nd Baron of Knocktopher and first owners of Knocktopher Manor. He died about 1203/4. It records that by the 15th century the Walsh of the Mountain family, from their main stronghold in Castlehale, were holding half of land in this barony. The lands are believed to have included the castles at Ballyhale, Ballynacooly, Ballynoony, Castlebanny, Castlegannon, Castlemorris, Clonassy, Cloone, Derrynahinch, Earlsrath, Inchacarran, Knockmoylan, Lismateige, and Manselscourt as well as civil parishes of Killahy, Kilbeacon, Listerlin, Rossinan, Muckalee, Aghaviller and Kilkeasy. Their lands were said to confiscated by Oliver Cromwell, c.1640, by which time the Walsh families owned much of the southern Knocktopher lands. Most of the remainder of the Barony was then owned by the Earl of Ormond (Ireland). In the census of 1659 the total number of Irish in the Barony of Knocktopher was recorded as 1301. Additional information on Knocktopher is found on Library Ireland. It records how Knocktopher Abbey was established by the Normans in 13th Century and was subsequently purchased with its lands by the Langrishe family. Today is a time-share resort. And it tells how Knocktopher Castle, also built by the Normans, was taken in 1649 by forces that were it says commanded by Cromwell in person, and by whose orders it was immediately demolished. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Knocktopher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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