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Kobanî ( , also rendered ' ), also known as Ayn al-Arab ((アラビア語:عين العرب) North Levantine pronunciation: (:ʕeːn elˈʕɑrɑb)), is a city in the Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, lying immediately south of the border with Turkey. As a consequence of the Syrian Civil War, the city has been under control of the Kurdish YPG militia since 2012. In 2014, it was unofficially declared to be the administrative center of the Kobanî Canton of Rojava. From September 2014 to January 2015, the city was under siege by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Most of the city was destroyed and most of the population fled to Turkey. In 2015, many returned and reconstruction began. Prior to the Syrian Civil War, Kobanî was recorded as having a population of close to 45,000.〔 The majority of inhabitants were Kurds, with Arab, Turkmen, and Armenian minorities.〔according to a 2013 estimate, about 90% Kurds, close to 5% Arab and Turkmen, and 1% Armenians.〕 ==Name== The Ottoman name of a village east of Kobanî's location was ''Arab Pinar'' "Spring of the Arabs" (''Arappinar'' in Modern Turkish orthography; ''pınar'' "spring"). The Kurdish name was "Kaniya Ereban" also meaning "Spring of the Arabs." The word "Spring" came from the creek that used to flow east of the village. The location was called "Spring of the Arabs" because in summer Arab nomads used to bring their herds to the location. Later Kobanî itself was referred to as Arab Pinar (or "Arap Pinar"). This name was later translated into Arabic and the Syrian authorities referred to the town as "Ayn al-Arab." Kobanî was built between the village of Arap Pinar (Kaniya Ereban) in the east and the village of Mürşitpinar (Kurdish name: Kaniya Murshid) in the west. This village was located south of a small lake that dried in the sixties. The name Mürşitpinar is still used as the name for the village and the railway station in the Turkish side.〔 The district of Kobanî comprises about 170 villages: Gérard Chaliand, ''A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan'', 1993, p. 195. name of the station: ''Office International de Renseignements sur les Sauterelles de Damas'', 1930, p. 43. 〕 Both the above-mentioned villages are parts of today's Kobanî. The name ''ʿAyn al-ʿArab'' was introduced officially by the Syrian government as part of a broader Arabization effort in the 1980s.〔Other sources that refer to this subject include Nedal Yousef, 'Interview with Hussein Amin Hussein about (book ) 'Ayn al-Arab – One Hundred Years'' ("حسين أمين حسين"...يتحدث عن مدينة "عين العرب" في مئة عام.. (esyria.sy) ) 9 April 2009. Hussein Ali Hussein, "Ayn Al-Arab over a century" (عين العرب في مئة عام), Dar Al-Aqsa, Damascus (2007); the book is a history of the town compiled for its centennial from accounts in living memory (notably from one Mohamed Abdi, who according to Hussein died in 1998 aged 118, as well as "other centenarians from the region").〕〔Patrick Cockburn, (Isis in Kobani: Turkey’s act of abandonment may mark an 'irrevocable breach' with Kurds across the region ) ''Independent'' 7 October 2014.〕〔Kheder Khaddour, Kevin Mazur, (The Struggle for Syria's Regions (MER269) ) "State policy Arabized this town’s name in the 1980s to ‘Ayn al-‘Arab, meaning the "spring of the Arabs." The running joke among residents is that the town has neither Arabs nor a spring."〕 The origin of the name is the word ''company'', referring to the German railway company〔 ''Sociéte Impériale du Chemin de fer de Bagdad'', founded on 13 April 1903 with 40% ownership of Deutsche Bank, 30% ''Banque Impériale Ottomane'', 10% ''Anatolische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft'', 7.5% ''Wiener Bankverein'', 7.5% ''Schweizerische Kreditanstalt'', 5% ''Banca Commerciale Italiana''.〕 who built that section of the Konya-Baghdad Railway from 1911.〔〔 While there maybe claims the name "Ayn al-Arab" was adopted much later by the Syrian government as a part of Arabization, people who are in their seventies confirm that the Syrian government used this name from the forties. Photos and school documents back this. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire the new Syria was under the French mandate. The French located a company of their troops in the location where Kobanî was built. The Kurdish people in the area adapted a considerable number of French words into Kurdish, including the word "company" that became "Kobanî." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kobanî」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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