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In linguistics, a koiné language ( ''common language'' in Koiné Greek) is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two or more mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language.〔Weinreich (1953)〕〔Singler (1988)〕 Since the speakers have understood one another from before the advent of the koiné, the ''koineisation'' process is not as drastic as pidginization and creolization. Unlike pidginization and creolization, there is no "target" within Koine formation. It involves continuity, in that speakers do not need to abandon their own linguistic varieties. Normal influence between neighbouring dialects is not regarded as koineisation. A koiné variety emerges as a new spoken variety in addition to the originating dialects; it does not change any existing dialect. This separates koineisation from normal evolution of dialects.〔 For example: 〕 ==Background== The term ‘koine’ (meaning ‘common’ in Greek) was first used to refer to the form of Greek used as a lingua franca during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.〔Siegel, 1985, p.358; Bubenik, 1993, Dialect contact and koineization: the case of Hellenistic Greek.〕 It arose as a mixed vernacular among ordinary people in the Peiraieus, the seaport of Athens, which was inhabited by Greeks from different parts of the Mediterranean.〔Thomson, 1960, p.34, quoted in Siegel, 1985, p.358〕〔Thomson, 1960, The Greek language. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons.〕 Through koineization, new dialect varieties are brought about as a result of contact between speakers of mutually intelligible varieties of that language. Koineization is a particular case of dialect contact, and how it typically occurs in new settlements to which people have migrated from different parts of a single language area. Koineization typically takes two or three generations to complete, though it can be achievable within the first generation.〔Labov (1972), Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.〕 Language variation is systematic, in that it can be related to social divisions within a community, such as class and gender. Change can be shown to originate with particular social groups based on these divisions. However, a number of linguists have recently argued that language change lies with the individual.〔J. Milroy, 1992, Linguistic variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell〕〔Croft, 2000, Explaining language change: An evolutionary approach. Harlow: Longman. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Koiné language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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