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Koliada or koleda (Cyrillic: коляда, коледа, колада, коледе) is an ancient pre-Christian winter ritual/festival. It was later incorporated into Christmas.〔(Encyclopedia of Ukraine )〕 ==Terminology== The word is still used in modern Ukrainian ("Коляда", Kolyadá), Belarusian (''Каляда'', Kalada, Kalyada), Russian (''Коляда'', Kolyada), Polish (''kolęda'' ), Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian (''Коледа, Коледе'') Lithuanian (''Kalėdos, Kalėda'') and Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene (''koleda''). The word used in Old Church Slavonic language (Колѧда) sounds closest to the current Polish language pronunciation, as Polish is the only Slavic language which retains the nasal vowels of the Proto-Slavic language. One theory states that Koliada is the name of a cycle of winter rituals stemming from the ancient ''calendae''.〔 Some claim it was named after Kolyada, the Slavic god of winter () or Koliada, the goddess who brings up a new sun every day. In modern Ukrainian, Russian (koliada), Czech, Slovak, Croatian (koleda), Kashubian ''kòlãda'', Romanian (colindă) and Polish (''kolęda'' , Old Polish ''kolenda''〔Biblioteka warszawska. 1858 s. 318, Materyały antropologiczno-archeologiczne i etnograficzne 1826 s. 186〕) the meaning has shifted from Christmas itself to denoting the tradition of strolling, singing, and having fun on Christmas Eve, same in the Balkan Slavs. It specifically applies to children and teens who walk house to house greeting people, singing and sifting grain that denotes the best wishes and receiving candy and small money in return. The action is called kolyadovannya in Ukrainian and is now applied to similar Old East Slavic celebrations of other old significant holidays, such as ''Generous Eve'' ((ベラルーシ語:Шчодры вечар), ) the evening before New Year's Day, as well as the celebration of the arrival of spring. Similarly in Bulgaria and Macedonia, in the tradition of koleduvane (коледуване) or koledarenje (коледарење) around Christmas, groups of kids visiting houses, singing carols and receiving a gift at parting. The kids are called 'koledari' or rarely 'kolezhdani' who sing kolyadka (songs). Koleda is also celebrated across northern Greece by the Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia, in areas from Florina to Thessaloniki, where it is called Koleda (Κόλιντα, Κόλιαντα) or Koleda Babo (Κόλιντα Μπάμπω) which means "Koleda Grandmother" in Slavic. It is celebrated before Christmas by gathering in the village square and lighting a bonfire, followed by local Macedonian music and dancing. Croatian composer Jakov Gotovac wrote in 1925 the composition "Koleda", which he called a "folk rite in five parts", for male choir and small orchestra (3 clarinets, 2 bassoons, timpani and drum). There is also a dance from Dubrovnik called "The Dubrovnik Koleda." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Koliada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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