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The Komi people is an ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostly live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Federation. They belong to the Permian branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. The Komis are divided into eight sub-groups. Their northernmost sub-group is also known as the Komi-Izhemtsy (from the name of the river Izhma) or Iz'vataz. This group numbers 15,607 (2002). This group is distinct for its more traditional, strongly subsistence based economy which includes reindeer husbandry. Komi-Permyaks (125,235 people) live in Perm Krai and Kirov Oblast of Russia. ==Name== There have been at least three names for the Komis: ''Permyaks'', ''Zyrians'' () and ''Komi'', the latter is the self-dissignation of the people. The name Permyaks firstly appeared in the 10th century in Russian sources and came from the ancient name of the land between the Mezen River and Pechora River – ''Perm'' – often called "''Great Perm''" ((ロシア語:Пермь Великая)). Several origins of the name have been proposed but the most accepted is from Veps ''Perämaa'' "back, outer or far-away land" from Veps ''perä'' "back, extreme" and ''maa'' "land". In Old Norse and Old English it was known as ''Bjarmaland'' and ''Beormas'' respectively but those Germanic names might designate some other place than the Russian ''Perm''. Since the 20th century the name has been applied only to the southern Komi (Komi-Permyaks) in Perm Krai. In Russian ''permyak'' also means "an inhabitant of Perm or Perm Krai" independently from ethnicity. The name for the northern Komis – Zyrians – has a more contradictory origin. It exists since the 14th century and it had many different forms in various Russian sources such as ''Seryan, Siryan, Syryan, Suryan'' and ''Ziryan, Zyryan'' ((ロシア語:серьяне, сирьяне, сыряне, суряне, зиряне, зыряне)), but the latter finally became predominant. Turkin believed that it may come from a small local tribe of the Komis (probably named ''saran'') which first met the Russians hence the name became default for all the northern Komis. The neighbour Finno-Uralic people call the Komis with similar names: Khanty ''sərän, sərån, săran, sārån'', Mansi ''sarän'', Nenets ''sānnğr, saran'', Udmurt ''sara-kum''. The name Komi is the endonym for all groups of the people. It was firstly recorded by ethnographers in the 18th century. It originates from the Finno-Ugric word with the meaning "man, human": Komi ''kom'', Udmurt ''kum'', Mansi ''kom, kum'', Khanty ''xum'', Selkup ''qum'', Hungarian ''hím'' "male". The origin from the name of the Kama River is disproved though some scholars (like Paula Kokkonen) favour this version. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Komi peoples」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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