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Commander (French: ''Commandeur'') (German: ''Komtur'') (Spanish: Commendador) is a title used in multiple orders of chivalry, as well as in other orders, fraternities and societies. The title of commander was used in the medieval military orders, such as the Knights Hospitaller, for a member senior to a knight. The title of knight commander is often used to denote an even higher rank. These conventions are also used by most of the continental orders of chivalry. In many orders of knighthood, Commander is a high rank, usually above ''Officier'' (i.e. Officer), but under one or more ranks with a prefix meaning "Great", e.g. ''Groot-'' in Dutch, ''Grand -'' in French, which may include ''Grootcommandeur'' (''Grand Commander''; equivalent to Knight), the equivalent of ''Commendador-mayor'' (using an equivalent suffix) in Spanish. The United Kingdom uses different classifications. == Germany == In German, ''Komtur'' (derived from (ラテン語:commendator)) was a rank within military orders, especially the Teutonic Knights. In the State of the Teutonic Order, the Komtur was the commander of a basic administrative division called ''Kommende'' (also ''Komturei''). A Komtur was responsible for feeding and supporting the Order's Knights from the yield of local estates. He commanded several Procurators. A ''Kommende'' had a convent of at least 12 brothers.〔 Various ''Kommenden'' formed a ''Ballei'' province. ''Grosskomtur'' (Großkomtur or Grand Commander) was one of the highest ranks within the Knights responsible for the administration of the Order and second-in-command after the Grand Master. He had his seat at Malbork Castle (Marienburg). Grosskomtur and four other senior officers like the Grand Marshal were appointed by the Grand Master and formed the council of ''Großgebietiger'' with competence on the whole order.〔(A History of the Crusades: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries by Kenneth Meyer Setton, Harry W. Hazard, p. 578 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Commander (orders)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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