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''Hagenia abyssinica'' is a species of flowering plant native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. It is known in English as African redwood, East African rosewood, brayera, cusso, hagenia, or kousso, in Amharic as ''kosso'', and in Swahili as ''mdobore'' or ''mlozilozi''. It is the sole species of genus ''Hagenia'', and its closest relative is the Afromontane genus ''Leucosidea''. Synonyms include ''Banksia abyssinica'', ''Brayera anthelmintica'', ''Hagenia abyssinica'' var. ''viridifolia'' and ''Hagenia anthelmintica''. It is a tree up to 20 m in height, with a short trunk, thick branches, and thick, peeling bark. The leaves are up to 40 cm long, compound with 7-13 leaflets, each leaflet about 10 cm long with a finely serrated margin, green above, silvery-haired below. The flowers are white to orange-buff or pinkish-red, produced in panicles 30-60 cm long. It is generally found from 2000-3000 m elevation, in areas receiving 1000-1500 mm of rainfall annually. It can be found growing in mixed afromontane forest with ''Podocarpus'', ''Afrocarpus'', and other trees, and in drier afromontane forests and woodlands where ''Hagenia'' is dominant, or in mixed stands of ''Hagenia'' and ''Juniperus procera''. It is often found near the upper limit of forest growth. ''Hagenia'' is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including turnip moth. ==Medicinal uses== Kosso, kousso or cusso is a drug which consists of the panicles of the pistillate flowers of ''Hagenia''. At the time of the eleventh edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911), the drug was imported "in the form of cylindrical rolls, about 18 inches in length and 2 inches in diameter, and comprises the entire inflorescence or panicle kept in form by a band wound transversely round it." The active principle is koussin or kosin, C31H33O10, which is soluble in alcohol and alkalis, and may be given in doses of two grammes. Kosso is also used in the form of an unstrained infusion of the coarsely powdered flowers, which are swallowed with the liquid. It is considered to be an effective anthelmintic for pork tapeworm (''Taenia solium''). In its anthelmintic action it is similar to Male Fern (''Dryopteris filix-mas''). Use of Kosso was borrowed from Ethiopia, where as Richard Pankhurst quotes Merab as saying that "to mention it was to cover a quarter of that country's pharmacopeia."〔Richard Pankhurst, ''An Introduction to the Medical History of Ethiopia'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1990), p. 104〕 However, its primary use was, well into the 19th century, to combat human tapeworm infestations, which was endemic due to widespread consumption of dishes containing raw beef, such as kitfo and gored gored. Frequent doses of kosso, about once every two months, was the common cure. Richard Pankhurst cites numerous examples of this practice, noting that "the two-monthly event virtually constituted a holiday for the patient, who withdrew from all normal activity, the statement 'the master has taken his ''kosso'',' being synonymous with 'he cannot receive you today.' ''Kosso''-drinking in fact served as an excuse or justification for not keeping appointments, being used by the debtor who did not wish to meet his creditor, by the accused who wished to avoid going to court, and by the official who sought to delay answering the Emperor's summons."〔Richard Pankhurst, ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1968), p. 631.〕 Kosso or ኮሶ in Amharic is also the name of the human tapeworm, ''Taenia saginata''. Treatment with Hagenia is often unsuccessful resulting in only partial removal of the intestinal worm. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hagenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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