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In ancient Greek cult, kriophoros ((ギリシア語:κριοφόρος)) or criophorus, the "ram-bearer," is a figure that commemorates the solemn sacrifice of a ram. It becomes an epithet of Hermes: ''Hermes Kriophoros''. ==Myth== At the Boeotian city of Tanagra, Pausanias relates a local myth that credited the god with saving the city in a time of plague, by carrying a ram on his shoulders as he made the circuit of the city's walls: There are sanctuaries of ''Hermes Kriophoros'' and of Hermes called ''Promachos''.〔Promachos'', "first in battle, champion"; compare Athena Promachos.〕 They account for the former surname by a story that Hermes averted a pestilence from the city by carrying a ram round the walls; to commemorate this Calamis made an image of Hermes carrying a ram upon his shoulders. Whichever of the youths is judged to be the most handsome goes round the walls at the feast of Hermes, carrying a lamb on his shoulders.〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' 9.22.1–2.〕 The myth may be providing an etiological explanation of a cult practice, carried out to avert ''miasma'', the ritual pollution that had brought disease, a propitiatory act whose ancient origins had become lost but had ossified in this iconic motif. Reflections of Calamis' lost ''Hermes Kriophoros'' may be detectable on Roman coinage of the city. In Messenia, at the sacred grove of Karnasus, Pausanias noted that ''Apollon Karneios'' and ''Hermes Kriophoros'' had a joint cult,〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' 4.33.4.〕 the ram-bearers (''kriophoroi'') joining in male initiation rites. A description by Pausanias of a ''Kriophoros'' dedicated at Olympia, by the sculptor Onatas, has been compared by José Dörig〔Dörig, ''Onatas of Aegina'' (Leiden:Brill) 1977.〕 with a surviving bronze statuette, 8.6 cm tall, in the Cabinet des Médailles, Paris, as a basis for reconstructing the Severe style of the sculptor. Not all ancient Greek sculptures of sacrifiants with an offering on their shoulders bear young rams. The nearly lifesize marble ''Calfbearer'' (''moschophoros''), of ca 570 BCE, found on the Athenian Acropolis in 1864 (''illustration, left'') is inscribed "Rhombos", apparently the donor, who commemorated his sacrifice in this manner.〔(Orell Witthuhn, "Der Kalbträger von der Akropolis in Athen" ).〕 The sacrificial animal in the case is a young bull, but the iconic pose, with the young animal across the sacrifiant's shoulders, secured by fore legs and rear legs firmly in the sacrifiant's grip, is the same as many ''kriophoroi''. This is the most famous of the Kriophoros sculptures and is exhibited at the Acropolis Museum Lewis R. Farnell〔''The Cults of the Greek States'' 1896, vol I, part I, p. 9.〕 placed this Hermes Kriophoros foremost in Arcadia: :"As Arcadia has been from time immemorial the great pasture-ground of Greece, so probably the most primitive character in which Hermes appeared, and which he never abandoned, was the pastoral. He is the lord of the herds, ''epimélios''〔This epithet belonged to Apollo at Camirus〕 and ''kriophoros'', who leads them to the sweet waters, and bears the tired ram or lamb on his shoulders, and assists them with the shepherd's crook, the ''kerykeion''." The ''Kriophoros'' figure of a shepherd carrying a lamb, simply as a pastoral vignette, became a common figure in series denoting the months or seasons, characteristically March or April.〔Noted by Brett 1942:39.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kriophoros」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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