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Zeus ( ;〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "(Zeus, ''n.'' )" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1921.〕 , ''Zeús'', (:zdeǔ̯s);〔In classical Attic Greek.〕 Modern (ギリシア語:Δίας), ''Días'' (:ˈði.as)) was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronos's stomach. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe, and Hephaestus. At the oracle of Dodona, his consort was said to be Dione, by whom the ''Iliad'' states that he fathered Aphrodite. Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses.〔 He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods〔Homeric Hymns.〕 and assigned the others to their roles:〔Hesiod, ''Theogony''.〕 "Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence."〔Burkert, ''Greek Religion''.〕〔See, e.g., Homer, ''Il.'', I.503 & 533.〕 He was equated with many foreign weather gods, permitting Pausanias to observe "That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men".〔Pausanias, 2.24.2.〕 His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" (Greek: , ''Nephelēgereta'')〔.〕 also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty. ==Name== The god's name in the nominative is ''Zeús''. It is inflected as follows: vocative: ; accusative: ; genitive: ; dative: . Diogenes Laertius quotes Pherecydes of Syros as spelling the name, .〔 〕 ''Zeus'' is the Greek continuation of *'','' the name of the Proto-Indo-European god of the daytime sky, also called *' ("Sky Father").〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 499.〕 The god is known under this name in the Rigveda (Vedic Sanskrit ''Dyaus/Dyaus Pita''), Latin (compare ''Jupiter'', from ''Iuppiter'', deriving from the Proto-Indo-European vocative *'), deriving from the root *''dyeu''- ("to shine", and in its many derivatives, "sky, heaven, god").〔 Zeus is the only deity in the Olympic pantheon whose name has such a transparent Indo-European etymology. The earliest attested forms of the name are the Mycenaean Greek , ''di-we'' and , ''di-wo'', written in the Linear B syllabic script.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16635 )〕 Plato, in his ''Cratylus'', gives a folk etymology of Zeus meaning "cause of life always to all things," because of puns between alternate titles of Zeus (''Zen'' and ''Dia'') with the Greek words for life and "because of."〔("Plato's ''Cratylus''," ) by Plato, ed. by David Sedley, Cambridge University Press, 6 Nov 2003, (p.91 )〕 This etymology, along with Plato's entire method of deriving etymologies, is not supported by modern scholarship.〔(The Makers of Hellas: A Critical Inquiry Into the Philosophy and Religion of Ancient Greece ), by Frank Byron Jevons, C. Griffin, Limited, 1903, (p.555 )〕〔(Limiting the Arbitrary: Linguistic Naturalism and Its Opposites in Plato's Cratylus and the Modern Theories of Language ) by John Earl Joseph, John Benjamins Publishing, 2000, (p.49 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zeus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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