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Kulubnarti
Kulubnarti ("Kulb island") is a long island in Northern Sudan. Situated in the Nile, about south of the Egyptian border, it is part of the village of Kulb. Until the fifteenth century, this was a remote area. It was the last known refuge for Christians in Nubia, while Islam spread to the south. It has been inhabited since the time of the Christian kingdom of Makuria, approximately 1100 AD. Though continuously inhabited from the eleventh century to modern times, it is the only Nubian location which has demonstrated through archaeologically investigation a continuous occupation from the Middle Ages to modern history.
Kulubnarti has archaeological and anthropological significance because it has been subjected to one of the only systematic excavations of any site along the southern portion of the Nile. The primary motivation for excavation at Kulubnarti was to increase awareness and understanding of the cultural transition from Christianity to Islam in ancient Nubia. Nubia converted to Christianity by the late 6th century and Christianity prevailed as the dominant religion of the region until the 14th century when Moslems gained control of territory south of the 3rd Cataract. Christianity however, persisted into the 15th century in many regions lying north of the 3rd Cataract, including Kulubnarti. Prior to the archaeological study of Kulubnarti, this cultural transition was almost completely unknown archaeologically and only a few historical references were in existence.
==Geography==
Kulubnarti is an island located about southwest of Wadi Halfa, and just north of the Dal Cataract, which is located between the 2nd and 3rd Cataracts. It is in the Batn-El-Hajar region, a rugged, barren, and rocky area. The usual wide zone of alluvial fertile farmland on the banks of the Nile is missing; only small sections of the island are available for agriculture. The population lives mainly in the modern village on the west (Kulb West) and east (Kulb East) banks of the Nile. The altitude is about above sea level. There were several villages on this island, with castles, ''kourfas'', houses, and churches.
While Kulubnarti has not always been a permanent island, it adopted its now permanent island form following the construction of the Aswan High Dam. Prior to the dam’s construction, Kulubnarti was an island for only a few weeks each year when the Nile river was at its peak. Today, Kulubnarti is located at the head of Lake Nasser and is a 'true island' when Lake Nasser’s water level is at maximum capacity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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