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Kundalakesi
Kundalakesi ((タミル語:குண்டலகேசி) Kuṇṭalakēci) is a fragmentary Tamil Buddhist epic written by Nathakuthanaar.〔Aiyangar 2004, p. 360〕 It is one of The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature according to later Tamil literary tradition, with the other four being ''Silappatikaram'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Silappathikaram Tamil Literature )〕 ''Manimekalai'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Manimegalai Tamil Literature )〕 ''Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi'' and ''Valayapathi''.〔Mukherjee 1999, p. 277〕 The first mention of the "''Aimperumkappiyam''" (lit. Five large epics) occurs in Mayilainathar's commentary of ''Nannūl''. However, Mayilainathar does not mention the names of the five epics. The names of the epics are first mentioned in the late 18th century - early 19th century work ''Thiruthanikaiula''. Earlier works like the seventeenth-century poem ''Tamil vidu thoothu'' mention the great epics as ''Panchkavyams''.〔Zvelebil 1992, p. 73〕〔M.S. 1994, p. 115〕 Its time period has been estimated to be before fifth century C.E.
==Sources and content==
Of the five great epics, ''Valayapathi'' and ''Kundalakesi'' are not available in full. Only fragments quoted in other literary works and commentaries have survived. Only 19 of the original 99 verses of ''Kundalakesi'' have been recovered. An additional five have been recovered, but whether they were part of ''Kundalakesi'' has not been proven conclusively. Tamil linguist Kamil Zvelebil has speculated that the epic was destroyed due to its Buddhist content by anti-Buddhist fanatics. The 19 verses recovered have been found in the commentaries for ''Tolkāppiyam'', ''Veera Sozhiyam'', ''Yapperungalam '', ''Thakkayagaparani'', ''Sivagnana Siddhiyar Parapakkam '' (Thirvorriyur Gnanaprakasar's commentary), the epic ''Neelakesi'' and the poem ''Vaisyapuranam''. ''Neelakesi'' – one of the five lesser Tamil epics, was a Jain religious work about the life of the female Jain monk of the same name, who was a rival preacher of the Buddhist protagonist of ''Kundalakesi'' (It was written as a Jain rebuttal to the Buddhist criticism in ''Kundalakesi''〔〔). The first lines of the 99 verses of ''Kundalakesi'' are available in the Jain saint Vamanar's commentary on ''Neelakesi''. The 19 recovered verses do not reveal the plot of the epic and are advisory in nature. The introductory and 15th Verses contain references to Buddhism.〔zvelebil 1992, pp. 69-70〕〔K. 1987, p. 102〕〔Ramaswamy 2003, pp. 164-165〕 The Vinaya sub commentary ''Vimativinodani'' refers to the epic as follows:
''Formerly in Tamil country an elder named Nagasena () compiled a work in Tamil containing the story of Kundalakesi, foe refuting heretical doctrines, adducing arguments for demolishing the views advanced by non-Buddhists.''
''Yapperungalam'', which also quotes the epic's ''Kadavul Vazhthu'' (lit. invocation to God) describes it as a ''tharkavadham'' – a book of controversy and polemics.''Veera Sozhiyams commentator ''Perunthevanar'' and the 14th century anthology ''Purathirattu'' both describe it as a ''akalakavi'' – a large poem.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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