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A kunya ((アラビア語:كنية), ''kunyah'')〔Shahpurshah Hormasji Hodivala, Historical Studies in Mug̲h̲al Numismatics, Numismatic Society of India, 1976 (Reprint of the 1923 ed.).〕 is a teknonym in Arabic names, the name of an adult derived from his or her eldest child. A kunya is expressed by the use of ''abū'' or ''umm'' in a genitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world and the Islamic world more generally.〔Annemarie Schimmel, ''Islamic Names: An Introduction'', Edinburgh University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-85224-563-7, ISBN 978-0-85224-563-7〕 A kunya is a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet, in theory referring to the bearer's first-born son or daughter. By extension, it may also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g. in a ''nom de guerre'' or a nickname, without literally referring to a son or a daughter.〔Pedzisai Mashiri, ("Terms of Address in Shona: A Sociolinguistic Approach" ), ''Zambezia,'' XXVI (i), pp. 93–110, 1999〕 Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. ==General use== ''Abū'' (father) or ''Umm'' (mother) precedes the son's or daughter's name, in a genitive construction (''ʼiḍāfa''). For example, the English equivalent would be to call a man whose eldest son is named John, "Father of John". Use of the ''kunya'' normally signifies some closeness between the speaker and the person so addressed, but is more polite than use of the first name. The ''kunya'' is also frequently used with reference to politicians and other celebrities to indicate respect. A kunya may also be a nickname expressing the attachment of an individual to a certain thing, as in Abu Bakr, "father of the camel foal", given because of this person's love for camels. When also using a person's own birth name, the ''kunya'' will precede the proper name. Thus: ''abū Māzin Maħmūd'', for "Mahmud, the father of Mazen" (as, for example, for Mahmoud Abbas). In Classical Arabic, but not in any of the spoken dialects, ''abū'' can change into the forms ''abā'' and ''abī'' (accusative and genitive, respectively), depending on the position of the ''kunya'' in the sentence. In westernizations of Arabic names the words ''abū'' and ''abū l-'' are sometimes perceived as an independent part of the full name, similar to a given name. Men who do not yet have a child are often addressed by a made-up ''kunya''. Most often the name chosen comes from a popular name in history, the man choosing his own kunya, although sometimes it would be the name of his father. The following are some examples of widely used Kunya in Arab world: * Khalid, Kunya is Abu Waleed * Waleed, Kunya is Abu Khalid * Ali, Kunya is Abu Husayn *Husayn, Kunya is Abu Ali *Muhammad, Kunya is Abu Jassim/Qassim (depends on the dialect) *Yusif, Kunya is Abu Ya'qoob *Ya'qoob, Kunya is Abu Yusif *Khalil, Kunya is Abu Ibrahim *Ibrahim, Kunya is Abu Khalil 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kunya (Arabic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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